Liquidity
Liquidation market woh hoti hai jis mein buyers aur sellers walon ki aik barri tadaad hoti hai aur lain deen ki laagat kam hoti hai. Is cheez ki paichidgiyan jo market ko maya banati hain woh commodity exchange ke mutabiq mukhtalif hoti hain. Chunkay bohat se khredar aur baichnay walay hain, aur paish ki jane wali shai mayaari hai aur bohat ziyada maang hai, aik maya market faida mand qeemat par taizi se farokht ko injaam dena aasaan banati hai. Supply and demand mein rozana tabdeelion ke bawajood, khredar kya ada karne ke liye tayyar hai aur jo faraham kanandah maya market mein dainay ke liye tayyar hai is ke darmiyan farq kam hi rehta hai.
Liquidity se morad woh aasani hai jis ke sath raqam wusool ki ja sakti hai. Aasaan alfaaz mein, liquidity se morad jab bhi zaroori ho funds haasil karne ki salahiyat hai. Kisi ghair mutawaqqa aafat ya maali nuqsaan ki soorat mein, liquidity hungami bachat account ya haath mein mojood naqdi ka hawala day sakti hai. Mazeed bar-aan, liquidity zaroori hai kyunkay yeh taajiron ko mawaqay lainay ke qabil banati hai. Agar aik tajir ke paas naqad raqam hai aur funds tak fori rasai hai, aur aik shandaar mauqa khud hi aata hai, to is mauqa ko zaya karna bohat aasaan hai. Cash, saving accounts, aur checking accounts sabhi ko maya asasa samjha jata hai kyunkay zaroorat parney par inhen fori tor par naqad mein tabdeel kya ja sakta hai.
Jab trader barray se mamooli se forex currency mein muntaqil hotay hain, to forex market ki likoyditi gir jati hai. Dosray lafzon mein, liquidity se morad woh aasani hai jis ke sath kisi cheez ko market mein is qeemat par khareeda ya baicha ja sakta hai jo munasib tor par is ki haqeeqi qader ki akkaasi kere. Dosray asason ke sath tabadlay mein aasani ki wajah se, naqad ko aksar sab se ziyada maya asasa samjha jata hai. Misaal ke tor par real state, fine art, aur jama karne wali cheeze, yeh sab bohat ghair qanooni asasay hain. Deegar maliyati asasay, jaisay astaks aur partnership units mein aik allag miqdaar mein liquidity hoti hai.
Liquidity ki Mukhtalif Soraten
Liquidity ki do kasmain hain: market liquidity, jis ka talluq sarmaya kaari aur asason se hai, aur accounting liquidity, jis se morad kisi kaarobar ya fard ke maalyaat hain.
1. Market Liquidity
Market liquidity se morad kisi asasay ki liquidity aur is ki naqdi mein tabdeeli ki aasani hai. johar mein, mustahkam, shafaaf shrhon par is ki market ayblti. Aik intehai maya market se pata chalta hai ke aik asasa ki mazboot supply aur ziyada maang hoti hai, matlab yeh hai ke wahan hamesha baichnay walay aur khredar hon ge. Agar kisi asasa ke liye koi khredar nahi hai aur maalik usay bechna chahta hai to asasa maya nahi hai.
Munafe bakhsh likoyditi ka mutradif nahi hai. Misaal ke tor par, awaami tor par tijarat ki jane wali company ke hasas maya hotay hain kyunkay woh stock exchange mein taizi se farokht ho satke hain, chahay un ki qader mein kami waqay hui ho. Hamesha, koi un ko kharidne ke liye tayyar ho jaye ga. Sarmaya kaari karte waqt kisi asasa ya security ki likoyditi ka jaiza lena bohat zaroori hai.
2. Accounting Liquidity
Accounting liquidity se morad kisi shakhs ya company ki maali zimma darion ko poora karne ki salahiyat hai jis mein mojood maya asasay hain jab woh wajib alada ho jayen to karz ada karne ki salahiyat. maya asason ka mojooda vajbat, ya aik saal ke andar honay wali maali zimma darion se mawazna, accounting liquidity ka taayun karta hai. har accounting liquidity ratio ki" liquidity asason" ki apni tareef hoti hai. Analysis car aur sarmaya kar mazboot liquidity wali companiyon ki shanakht ke liye un ka istemaal karte hain. Usay geherai ke gij ke tor par bhi istemaal kya jata hai.
Liquidity ka Taayun Kaisay Karen
Financial analyst maya assets ke sath qaleel mudti zimma darion ko poora karne ke liye company ki salahiyat ka jaiza letay hain. Yeh hisaab karte waqt, aam tor par aik se barray tanasub ko tarjeeh di jati hai.
1. Current Ratio
Current ratio sab se seedha aur kam se kam pabandi wala hai. Yeh mojooda asason (jin ko aik saal ke andar naqad mein tabdeel kya ja sakta hai) mojooda wajebaat (woh jo aik saal ke andar naqad mein tabdeel kya ja sakta hai) (woh jo aik saal se bhi kam arsay mein naqad mein tabdeel kya ja sakta hai) se mutsadam hai. Yeh mandarja zail se mushaba hoga:
Current ratio ka hisaab kisi tanzeem ke mojooda asason ko is ki mojooda zimma darion se taqseem kar ke lagaya jata hai. Yeh tajzia karta hai ke aaya company ka qaleel mudti karz is ke asason ki farokht se haasil honay wali aamdani ka istemaal karte hue mukammal tor par ada kya ja sakta hai.
2. Rapid Ratio (Acid-test ratio)
Current ratio ki terhan, fast ratio mein sirf naqad, vasuli, aur astaks / bandz bator asasa shaamil hain. Company ke paas koi inventry ya pari pad akhrajaat nahi ho saktay hain jinhein fori tor par khatam nahi kiya ja sakta. Lehaza, kal asasay minus inventry kal asason ke minus vajbat ke barabar hai. Rapid ratio, jo aksar acid test ratio ke naam se jana jata hai, kuch ziyada sakht hai. Chunkay inventry aur deegar mojooda asasay naqad aur naqad ke masawi, qabil wusool accounts, aur qaleel mudti sarmaya kaari se kam maya hotay hain, is liye inhen hisaab se hata diya jata hai.
3. Cash Flow Ratio
Cash flow ratio liquidity ke liye sab se sangeen shart hai. Is tanasub ko mojooda vajbat se mojooda asason ko ghata kar shumaar kya jata hai. Company ke cash flow ke liye yeh zaroori hai ke karz ki adayigyon tak hi mehdood rahay. Agar naqdi ka tanasub aik se ziyada hai, to company ke paas kaafi liquidity hai aur mumkina tor par usay apna karz ada karne mein koi pareshani nahi hogi. liquidity asason ka tasawur qabil wusool accounts, inventry, aur deegar mojooda asason ko khatam karta hai.
Current ya Rapid test ke tanasub se ziyada, naqdi ka tanasub kisi hungami soorat e haal mein saloynt rehne ke liye kisi idaray ki salahiyat ka andaza karta hai bad tareen soorat e haal is bunyaad par ke intehai munafe bakhash kaarobar bhi nakaam ho satke hain agar un ke paas liquidity ki kami ho. Ghair mutawaqqa waqeat ka jawab den.
Liquidity aur Volitilety main Faraq
Aksar, traders liquidity aur volitilety ko uljhaate hain. Volitilety waqt ki fi unit qeemat ke utaar charhao ki shiddat hai. Liquidity market mein munsifana qeematon ki khareed o farokht ki qareeb qareeb ki noiyat ki wajah se, qeemat ka chart kisi bhi simt mein dramayi izafay se khaali hai. Qeemat ghair mamooli miqdaar mein volitilety karti hai. Doosri taraf, na kafi liquidity wali market mein qeematon mein musalsal aur khatir khuwa izafah hota hai.
Liquidity ki aala satah hamesha khatray ki aala satah se wabasta nahi hoti hai. Low liquidity wali market mein, chand ahem khiladion ki sargarmia afratafri ka baais ban sakti hain, jab ke hamwar harkat wali market barri likoyditi wali market ki nishandahi karti hai. Logon ki aksariyat news release ke foran baad tijarat ke khilaaf kyun mahswara deti hai? khabar ke har tukre ki moroosi ghair mutawaqqa honay ki wajah se, liquidity faraham karne walay (jaisay sarmaya kaari ke bank) tijarat nahi karen ge. liquidity mein kami volitilety (tole o arz) mein izafay ka sabab banti hai, aisi soorat e haal jis mein nah honay ke barabar miqdaar bhi qeemat ko mutasir kar sakti hai.
تبصرہ
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