Forex Trading History
Hum forex trading ki ibtida ka suraagh asani se nahi laga satke hain. Mukhtalif currencies aur un ke tabadlay ki zaroorat Bible ke zamane se mojood hai. Mujhe yaqeen hai ke woh kaghazi bil aur raseeden istemaal karne walay pehlay shakhs hain. Qiyaas aarai hui, aur yaqeenan aaj market mein bohat barri qiyaas aaraiyan is ke khilaaf hain.
Barter System
Mein ne commodities ki value ka izhaar doosri ashya ke lehaaz se kya ( jisay barter system bhi kaha jata hai ). Is terhan ke nizaam ki zahiri hudood ne tabadlay ke aik qubool shuda zareya ke qiyam ki hosla afzai ki. Ahem baat yeh hai ke aik mushtarqa qader ki bunyaad qaim ki jaye. Kuch mayshton mein, is maqsad ke liye daant, pankh aur pathar jaisi ashya bhi istemaal ki ja sakti theen, lekin jald hi mukhtalif dhatain, khaas tor par sona aur chandi, adaigi ka aik qabil qubool zareya aur qeemat ka aik qabil aetmaad zakheera ban gaya. Africa, Asia aur deegar jaghon ke log is nizaam ke zariye trading karte they.
Kisi ne apni pasand ki metal se coina banaye. Mustahkam siyasi nizaam mein hukoomat ki kaghazi shakal IOU paish kya gaya tha. Unhon ne usay qaron wasti mein bhi tasleem kya. Yeh IOU qaail karne ke bajaye taaqat ke zariye ziyada kamyabi se muta-arif karaya gaya tha aur ab yeh jadeed paisay ki bunyaad hai.
First World War k Baad
Pehli world war se pehlay, ziyada tar markazi bank sonay ke liye apni currencies ke tabadlay ki himayat karte thay. Taham, gold exchange ke miyaar mein is ke boom-bast model ki kamzoree hai. Jaisay jaisay maeeshat mazboot hoti jaye gi, woh beron malik se barri miqdaar mein ashya daraamad kere gi jab tak ke woh apni currency ko badhaane ke liye darkaar sonay ke zakhair ko khatam nah kar day. Nateejay ke tor par, raqam ki supply suker jaye gi, sharah sood barhay gi, aur muashi sargarmia kasaad bazari ke maqam par aa jayen gi. Commodities ki qeematein neechay agaien aur dosray mumalik ke liye purkashish lagen jo is ghusse ko kharidne ke liye jaldi karen ge jo un ki mayshton mein sona daaley ga jab tak ke is se currency ki farahmi mein izafah nah ho, sharah sood mein kami nah ho aur un ki mayshton mein doulat bahaal nah ho. Taham, gold ke tabadlay ke tor par, markazi bank ko hukoomat ke currency ke zakhair ko poora karne ki zaroorat nahi hai. Aisa aksar nahi hota hai, lekin jab raywar ki zehniat ne sonay ki taraf barray pemanay par tabdeeli ke is tabah kin khayaal ko hota howa di, to ghabrahat is ka baais bani jisay" bank par bhagna" kaha jata hai. tabah kin mehengai aur is ke nateejay mein siyasi Adam istehkaam. Great depration aur 1931 mein gold standard ke remove karne se forex market ki sar garmion mein shadeed jamood peda ho gaya. 1931 se 1973 tak forex ki manndi mein tabdeelion ka silsila shuru hota hai. Jab zar e mubadla ki manndi mein bohat kam qiyaas aaraiyan huien to un tabdeelion ne aalmi maeeshat ko mutasir kya.
Muqami qaumi mafadaat ke tahaffuz ke liye, forex ke control ko mazboot karna aur market forces ko currency ke ghair zimma daarana ravayye ki saza dainay se rokna.
Bretton Wood Agreement
Second world war ke ekhtataam ke qareeb, Bretton wood agreement July 1944 mein USA tay paaya. Bretton wood, New Hampshire mein honay wali meeting ne John Maynard Keynes's ki aik nai aalmi reserves currency ke liye tajweez ko mustard kar diya jis ka naam dollar mein hai. International Monetary Fund, world bank aur GTAA jaisay bain al aqwami idaron ki tashkeel is waqt hui jab doosri jung azeem ke ubhartay hue fateheen currency ke ghair mustahkam honay walay bohraan se bachney ki koshish kar rahay hain jis ki wajah se jung hui. Bretton woods agreement ne aik muqarara sharah mubadla ka nizaam tashkeel diya jis ne sonay ke miyaar ko bahaal kya, jis se sonay aur deegar barri currencies ke mustaqil istemaal ke liye American dollar ko gold se $35.00 per once muqarrar kya gaya.
1960 se 1974 Tak
Jaisa ke 1960 ki dahai mein qaumi mayshtin mukhtalif simtao mein chali gayeen, nizam par dabao barhta gaya. Adjustment ki aik series ne nizaam ko taweel arsay tak barqarar rakha, lekin Bretton wood ka nizaam 1970 ki dahai ke awail mein is waqat khatam ho gaya jab saddar Nikson ne augst 1971 mein sonay ki tijarat ko moattal kar diya. American barhatay hue budget aur trading khasaray ne un par dabao dala.
Pichli chand dahaiyo ke douran, forex trading duniya ki sab se barri aalmi market ban gayi hai. ziyada tar mumalik ne sarmaye ke bahao par se pabandiyan hata di hain, jis se market ki quwatoon ne forex market ki sharah ko un ki samjhi hui value ke mutabiq adjust kya hai.
1979 Fixed Exchange Rate
European economic community aik nai fixed exchange rate regime muta-arif karaya, "European monitory system" ne 1979. 1991 mein master chat treaty par dastakhat ke sath, Europe ne financial istehkaam ki talaash jari rakhi. Yeh nah sirf forex exchange ko theek karne ke liye tha balkay 2002 mein Euro ke sath bohat saari sharah mubadla ki jagah le li gayi. London aik barri of shore market thi, aur ab bhi hai. 1980 ki dahai mein, jab Bartanwi bankon ne aalmi maalyaat mein apni qayadat ko barqarar rakhnay ke liye pound ke mutabadil ke tor par dollar dena shuru kiye, yeh Euro/Dollar market ke liye aik ahem markaz ban gaya.
Aisa mein, 1997 ke dosray nisf mein junoob mashriqi asia mein honay walay waqeat ke sath mutayyan sharah mubadla ki paedaari ka fuqdaan aik nai mutabqat rakhta hai, jab aik currency dollar ke muqablay mein gir gayi thi aur doosri muqarara sharah mubadla janoobi America mein kamzor nazar aati thi.
Jabkay trading companiyon ko haliya barson mein ziyada ghair mustahkam maliyati mahol ka saamna karna para hai, sarmaya karon aur maliyati idaron ne naye khail ke maidan talaash kiye hain. Forex market central banksaur sarkari agencies ke zariye chalaye jati thi, lekin is ke baad se is ne mojooda internet boom aur world wide web samait mukhtalif idaron ke sath dhal liya hai. zar e mubadla ki manndi ka hajam ab kisi bhi doosri sarmaya kaari ki manndi se kam hai. Forex market duniya ki sab se barri maliyati manndi hai. Forex market ka daily trading hajam $6 trilion hai. Hum keh sakte hen ke forex market jadeed samajh daar sarmayakar ke liye aik munafe bakhash mauqa hai.