good tarding good money

No announcement yet.
`
X
  • وقت
  • دکھائیں
Clear All
new posts
  • #1 Collapse

    good tarding good money
    Anybody here ever try oil trading? I've been trading oil and making very good money. I tried the Forex and that was no good and stocks can be too volatile for my tastes but with oil trading I'm making very good trades and money. I'm using the method by Traders Superstore for oil trading; just Google Traders Superstore and you should be able to find them.
  • <a href="https://www.instaforex.org/ru/?x=ruforum">InstaForex</a>
  • #2 Collapse

    Good tarding good money


    Mukhtasar Tareekh Aam Tarding Aur Uski Ahmiyat Tarding Mein Maharat Sahulat Aur Peshkash Tarding Mein Paise Kamane Ke Tareeqay Safar Ki Ahmiyat Aur Tarding Tarding Mein Rukawat Aur Unka Hal Safalta Ki Rahnumai Mein Tarding Ka Kirdar Tarding Mein Niyat Aur Istiqamat Tarding Mein Mazid Taraqqi Ke Liye Tips Mukhtalif Tarding Ke Faslay Tarding Mein Risk Aur Uska Intizam Munafa Ya Nuqsaan: Tarding Ka Jazeerah Tarding Mein Tareeqay Aur Strategies Tarding Ke Baad Paise Ka Istemal Tarding Mein


    Click image for larger version

Name:	images (51).jpeg
Views:	29
Size:	12.1 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12916139 Discipline Ki Ahmiyat Tarding Mein Acha Mizaaj Aur Uska Asar Tarding Mein Mufeed Software Aur Tools Tarding Mein Pehle Se Tay Ki Gayi Strategies Tarding Mein Taqatwar Aur Kamzor Nishan Tarding Ke Liye Zaroori Ilaaj Tarding Mein Samajhdari Aur Intiqal Tarding Mein Zehni Sakoon Aur Uska Asar Tarding Mein Mazid Behtar Hone Ke Liye Duaein
    • #3 Collapse

      Good tarding good money


      Click image for larger version

Name:	download - 2024-04-19T125244.713.jpg
Views:	34
Size:	21.9 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12916144

      Achi Trading, Achi Kamai:

      Forex trading mein kamyabi hasil karne ke liye, achi tayyari aur samajhdaari zaroori hai. Yahan kuch tafseelat di gayi hain jo aapki trading ko behtar bana sakti hain:

      1. Ilm aur Tadabbur: - Forex market ko samajhne ke liye ilm aur tajurba zaroori hai. Economic indicators, geopolitical events, aur market trends ko samajhna zaroori hai. - Pehle market ki analysis karein aur phir trading decisions lein. Choti-moti mistakes se bachein aur apne strategy ko hamesha improve karte rahein.

      2. Risk Management: - Har trade mein risk management ka ahem role hota hai. Apne risk ko control karein aur kabhi bhi zyada paisay invest na karein jo aap afford na kar sakein. - Stop loss aur take profit levels ko set karein taake aap apne trades ko monitor kar sakein aur losses ko minimize kar sakein.

      3. Discipline aur Control: - Emotions ko control karna trading mein bahut zaroori hai. Greed aur fear se bachein aur apne trading plan ke mutabiq discipline se kaam karein. - Trading ke liye specific rules banayein aur unhe follow karte rahein. Jab tak solid reasons na ho, impulsively trade na karein.

      4. Strategy ki Bunyadiyat: - Achi trading strategy banayein jo aapke goals aur risk tolerance ke mutabiq ho. - Apni strategy ko backtest karein aur market conditions ke hisab se adjust karte rahein.

      5. Jariye ka Intikhab: - Sahi broker ka chunav karein jo aapko sahi spreads, execution, aur customer service provide karta ho. - Broker ke terms and conditions ko ache se samajh lein aur apne trading ke liye sahi platform ka intikhab karein.

      Achi tayyari, sahi knowledge, aur sahi mindset ke saath, aap forex trading mein kamyabi haasil kar sakte hain. Lekin yaad rahe, patience aur consistent efforts bhi zaroori hain.
      • #4 Collapse

        Acha Trading, Acha Paisa: Forex Trading Ke Naye Mushkilat Aur Safar

        Forex trading ek challenging lekin lucrative duniya hai jahan aapko sahi tajurba aur strategy ke saath acchi kamaai ho sakti hai. Lekin acha trading aur acha paisa kamana asaan nahi hota. Chaliye dekhte hain kuch tajurbaat aur mashwaray jo aapke trading safar ko behtar bana sakte hain:

        1. Shuruaat Mein Sabaq Seekhna
        Forex trading ke shuruaat mein sabaq seekhna zaroori hai. Market dynamics, technical analysis, aur risk management ke basic concepts ko samajhna shuruaati traders ke liye zaroori hai.

        2. Ghaltiyan Se Seekhna
        Har trader ko apni trading journey mein kai ghaltiyon ka samna karna padta hai. In ghaltiyon se seekhna aur unhe dohrana aapko ek behtar trader banayega.

        3. Plan Banaen Aur Us Par Amal Karen
        Har trade ke liye ek tajwezati plan banaen aur us par amal karen. Stop loss aur target levels ko set karen aur emotions ke ishtimal se bachen.

        4. Aage Ki Taraf Dekhna
        Market mein hamesha aage ki taraf dekhen. Past mein ki gayi trading decisions par zyada ghor na karen, balki future ke opportunities aur challenges par focus karen.

        5. Jamhoriyat Mein Izzat Karna
        Trading community mein shamil ho kar, dusre traders se mashwara karen aur unke tajurbaat se faida uthayen. Respect aur cooperation ke saath trading journey ko mazeed behtar banayen.

        6. Khud Par Bharosa Karna
        Apne skills aur tajurba par bharosa rakhen. Trading mein consistent hone ke liye apni strategy par bharosa karen aur discipline banayein.

        7. Khud Ko Improve Karna
        Hamesha apne trading skills ko improve karte rahen. Naye strategies ko test karen aur apne weaknesses par kaam karen.

        8. Maqsadon Ko Pehchanen
        Apne financial goals ko pehchanen aur trading strategy ko un goals ke mutabiq customize karen. Har trade mein maqsad ko dhyan mein rakhen.

        Forex trading ek challenging safar hai lekin sahi approach aur dedication ke saath, aap acha trading aur acha paisa kama sakte hain. Samajhdaari aur tajurba ke saath, aap apni trading journey ko safalta ki manzil tak pahuncha sakte hain.
        • #5 Collapse

          Forex Market Mein Good Trading Good Money%:%:%::%

          Forex market mein trading karke acha paisa kamana mushkil hai, lekin agar aap sahi taur par samajh aur tajurba rakhte hain, toh aap yahan acchi kamai kar sakte hain.

          Forex Market Mein Good Trading Good Money Ki Tips%:%:%::%

          Yahan kuch tips hain jo aapki forex trading mein madad kar sakti hain:
          1. Taleem aur Samajh: Forex market ko samajhne ke liye taleem ka hona zaroori hai. Economic indicators, technical analysis, aur market trends ke baray mein parhain. Demo trading accounts istemal karen takay aap praktikhat anubhav hasil kar sakein bina kisi risk ke.
          2. Plan Banayein: Trading ka plan banayein jismein aapki trading goals, risk tolerance, aur entry-exit strategies shamil hon. Plan ko follow karen aur use regular intervals mein update karte rahein.
          3. Risk Management: Apne trading capital ka suraksha karen. Har trade ke liye kitna risk lena hai, stop-loss orders ka istemal karen aur over-leveraging se bachain.
          4. Market Analysis: Market analysis ka bohot ahem kirdar hai. Fundamental aur technical analysis ka combination istemal karen takay aap market ki movements ko samajh sakein aur trading decisions lein.
          5. Emotional Control: Trading mein emotions ko control karna zaroori hai. Hamesha greed aur fear se bachain, aur logical decisions lein. Apne trading plan aur strategy ko hamesha yaad rakhen.
          6. Leverage Ka Istemal: Leverage ko samajhdari se istemal karen. Zyada leverage ka istemal karne se risk barh jata hai. Apne risk tolerance ke hisaab se leverage chunain.
          7. Continuous Learning: Forex market mein har waqt kuch naya seekhna zaroori hai. Naye strategies ko explore karen, market ki latest trends aur events par dhyan dein.
          8. Discipline: Trading mein regular aur disciplined rehna zaroori hai. Market mein volatility hoti rehti hai, isliye hamesha discipline banaye rakhen.

          Forex trading mein kamiyabi hasil karne ke liye, mehnat aur waqt ki zaroorat hoti hai. Lagatar seekhne aur behter hone ki chah rakhen, aur apne ghalatiyon se seekhain.
          • #6 Collapse

            good tarding good money?

            Click image for larger version

Name:	download (4).jpeg
Views:	37
Size:	14.6 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12939297

            **Achhi Trading, Achha Paisa:**
            Forex trading ek aise shobha hai jahan achhi trading se achha paisa kamaya ja sakta hai. "Achhi Trading, Achha Paisa" ka matlab hai ke agar traders apni trading skills ko behtar banayein aur sahi tarah se market ko samajh kar trade karein, to unhein munafa kamane ka zyada mauka milta hai.

            **1. Ilm aur Tajarba:**

            Achhi trading aur achha paisa kamane ke liye, traders ko market ke bare mein ilm hasil karna zaroori hai. Iske saath sahi tajarba bhi hona chahiye. Jab traders market ko samajhte hain aur apni trading strategies ko sahi tareeqe se istemal karte hain, tabhi woh achha paisa kamate hain.

            **2. Risk Management:**

            Achhi trading ka ek zaroori pehlu risk management hai. Traders ko apne trades par lagane wale risk ko control karne ka tareeqa seekhna zaroori hai. Proper risk management techniques istemal karke traders apne nuksan ko kam kar sakte hain aur achha paisa kamane ka raasta asaan ho jata hai.

            **3. Emotions ka Control:**

            Emotions ka control bhi achhi trading aur achha paisa kamane ke liye zaroori hai. Ghabrahat, jazbaat aur greed se bach kar, traders ko apne trading decisions ko logic aur analysis ke saath lena chahiye.

            **4. Strategy ki Tameer:**

            Har trader ke liye zaroori hai ke woh apni trading strategy ko sahi tareeqe se develop karein. Har market situation ke liye ek alag strategy honi chahiye, jo market ke mizaaj ko samajh kar banayi gayi ho.

            **5. Learning Process:**

            Achhi trading ek learning process hai. Traders ko hamesha naye cheezon ko seekhne aur apne skills ko barhane ki koshish karni chahiye. Constant learning aur improvement ke zariye hi traders achha paisa kama sakte hain.

            **6. Patience aur Discipline:**

            Patience aur discipline bhi achhi trading ke liye zaroori hai. Market mein sabar se kaam lena aur apne trading plan ko follow karna traders ko achha paisa kamane mein madad karta hai.

            **7. Performance ki Takhmeen:**

            Traders ko apni performance ka regular evaluation karna chahiye. Kya unki trading strategy kaam kar rahi hai? Kya unka risk management sahi hai? In sawalon ka jawab dena traders ko achha paisa kamane mein madad karta hai.

            **Nateeja:**

            Achhi trading aur achha paisa kamana ek tez aur challenging raasta hai. Magar, agar traders sahi tarah se taiyar hain aur mehnat aur istiqamat se kaam karte hain, to woh zaroor apne maqsad ko haasil kar sakte hain. "Achhi Trading, Achha Paisa" sirf un traders ke liye mumkin hai jo market ke khilaaf qadam uthane se pehle achhe tayyari aur planning karte hain.
            • #7 Collapse

              Good Trading, Good Money

              Forex, yaani foreign exchange, duniya ka sab se bara aur liquid financial market hai. Yahan currencies ki buying aur selling hoti hai. Forex trading ka basic concept yeh hai ke ek currency ko doosri currency ke against trade kiya jata hai, aur profits exchange rate movements ke zariye kamaye jate hain. "Good trading, good money" ka yeh matlab hai ke agar aap acchi trading practices follow karain, toh aap significant profits earn kar sakte hain.

              Importance of Knowledge and Education

              Forex trading mein successful hone ke liye sab se pehla aur ahem qadam knowledge aur education hai. Ek accha trader woh hota hai jo market ki dynamics ko samajhta hai aur economic indicators ka mutalea karta hai.
              Click image for larger version

Name:	images (1).jpeg
Views:	16
Size:	82.5 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12971440
              Technical Analysis Is mein charts aur historical data ko analyze kiya jata hai taake price trends aur patterns ko samjha ja sake.

              Fundamental Analysis
              Is mein economic indicators, news, aur political events ko analyze kiya jata hai jo currency prices ko affect karte hain.

              Developing a Trading Plan

              Ek accha trader hamesha ek well-defined trading plan follow karta hai. Yeh plan trader ki objectives, risk tolerance, aur trading strategies ko define karta hai.

              Setting Goals
              Short-term aur long-term goals define karna zaruri hai.

              Risk Management
              Risk ko control mein rakhne ke liye proper strategies banana zaruri hai, jaise ke stop-loss orders ka istimaal.

              Strategy Selection
              Different market conditions ke liye different strategies ko apply karna chahiye.

              Risk Management in Forex Trading

              Risk management forex trading ka ek bohot important aspect hai. Achi trading practices tab hi possible hain jab aap risk ko effectively manage karte hain.

              Position Sizing
              Ek trade mein kitna paisa invest karna hai, yeh decide karna zaruri hai.

              Leverage Management
              Leverage forex trading ko profitable bana sakta hai, lekin yeh losses bhi bada sakta hai. Is liye leverage ko cautiously use karna chahiye.

              Diversification
              Different currency pairs mein invest karna chahiye taake risk ko spread kiya ja sake.

              Psychological Discipline

              A successful trader hamesha apni emotions ko control mein rakhta hai. Market ki volatility kabhi kabhi emotional reactions ko trigger kar sakti hai, jo ke galat decisions ka sabab ban sakti hain.

              Patience Forex trading mein sabr bohot zaruri hai. Hamesha right opportunity ka intizar karna chahiye.

              Avoiding Overtrading
              Bohot zyada trades karna losses ko increase kar sakta hai.

              Sticking to the Plan
              Apne trading plan se deviated decisions lene se bachna chahiye.

              Continuous Learning and Adaptation

              Forex market bohot dynamic aur ever-changing hai. Is liye ek successful trader ko continuously learn aur adapt karna padta hai.

              Market Research
              Hamesha latest market trends aur developments ka mutalea karna chahiye.

              Adapting to Changes Market conditions ke saath saath apni strategies ko bhi adjust karna chahiye.

              Learning from Mistakes
              Apni past mistakes se seekhna aur unhe repeat na karna zaruri hai.

              Utilizing Technology

              Aaj ke dor mein technology ka role bohot significant hai forex trading mein. Advanced trading platforms aur tools ko use karna trading ko aur efficient aur effective bana sakta hai.

              Automated Trading Systems Algorithms aur automated systems ko use karke trades ko execute karna.

              Mobile Trading Apps In apps ke zariye market ko monitor karna aur trades ko on-the-go execute karna.

              Analytical Tools
              Different analytical tools aur indicators ko use karke market trends ko analyze karna.

              Building a Consistent Trading Routine

              Consistency forex trading mein success ki key hai. Ek consistent trading routine develop karna acchi trading practices ko follow karne mein madadgar sabit hota hai.

              Daily Analysis Rozana market ka analysis karna chahiye.

              Reviewing Trades ​Trade apni completed trades ko review karna aur unse seekhna chahiye.
              Regular Practice
              Demo accounts par practice kar ke apni skills ko refine karna.

              Note

              Forex trading mein "good trading, good money" ka concept yeh hai ke agar aap disciplined aur informed approach adopt karte hain, toh aap substantial profits earn kar sakte hain. Iske liye knowledge aur education, well-defined trading plan, effective risk management, psychological discipline, continuous learning, aur advanced technology ka istimaal zaruri hai. Yad rakhein ke forex trading ek long-term journey hai, jisme patience aur perseverance ki bohot ahmiyat hai. Agar aap in principles ko follow karte hain, toh aap forex market mein successful ho sakte hain aur accha paisa kama sakte hain.







              • #8 Collapse

                good tarding good money

                Forex trading mein "Good Trading, Good Money" ka concept bohot important hai. Yeh kahta hai ke agar aap disciplined aur strategic approach se trading karein, to aap achha paisa kama sakte hain. Lekin isme bohot saare factors involved hote hain jo ek trader ko successful banate hain. Aayiye dekhte hain ke kis tarah se aap good trading practices apna kar significant profits kama sakte hain.
                1. Education aur Knowledge
                Market Ki Samajh:
                Forex market ke dynamics aur functioning ko achi tarah se samajhna bohot zaroori hai. Yeh market ki working, important terminologies, aur trading concepts ko include karta hai.

                Resources: Books, online courses, aur webinars ke through aap apna knowledge enhance kar sakte hain.
                Example: "Currency Trading for Dummies" aur BabyPips School of Pipsology.
                2. Trading Plan Banana Aur Uspar Amal Karna
                Well-Defined Strategy:
                Ek clear aur well-defined trading strategy banayein jo aapke trading goals aur risk tolerance ke mutabiq ho. Yeh strategy aapko disciplined aur focused rakhti hai.

                Entry Aur Exit Rules: Har trade ke liye specific entry aur exit points set karein.
                Risk Management: Proper stop-loss aur take-profit levels define karein.
                3. Technical Aur Fundamental Analysis
                Technical Analysis:
                Historical price data aur charts ka analysis karke future price movements ko predict karna. Isme indicators aur patterns ka use hota hai.

                Indicators: RSI, MACD, Moving Averages.
                Price Patterns: Head and Shoulders, Double Top/Bottom.
                Fundamental Analysis:
                Economic indicators aur geopolitical events ka analysis karke market direction ko samajhna.

                Economic Data: GDP, inflation rates, employment data.
                News Events: Political stability, international relations.
                4. Risk Management
                Position Sizing:
                Apne capital ke hisaab se position sizes ko adjust karein taake aapka risk control mein rahe.

                General Rule: Ek trade mein total capital ka sirf 1-2% risk karein.
                Stop-Loss Aur Take-Profit:
                Har trade ke liye stop-loss aur take-profit levels set karein taake aapka risk limited rahe aur profits secure ho.

                Example: Agar aap $10,000 se trade kar rahe hain, to maximum $100-$200 risk karein ek trade mein.
                5. Emotional Control Aur Discipline
                Self-Awareness:
                Apne emotions ko samjhein aur trading ke dauran unhe control karein. Greed aur fear ko recognize aur manage karna zaroori hai.

                Mindfulness: Meditation aur mindfulness practices se emotional balance bana sakte hain.
                Discipline:
                Apne trading plan par strictly amal karein aur impulsive decisions se bachein. Overtrading aur revenge trading se dur rahen.

                6. Continuous Learning Aur Improvement
                Trading Journal:
                Apna trading journal maintain karein jisme har trade ke details aur outcomes ko note karte hain. Yeh aapko apne mistakes ko identify aur improve karne mein madad karta hai.

                Market Updates:
                Regularly market trends aur economic news ko follow karein taake aap updated aur informed rahen.

                7. Balanced Lifestyle
                Work-Life Balance:
                Trading ke ilawa apni personal life ko bhi balance karein. Healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, aur hobbies par focus karein taake aap mentally aur physically fit rahen.

                Support System:
                Family, friends, aur fellow traders se support aur guidance lein. Positive support system aapko emotional balance aur motivation deta hai.

                Conclusion
                Good trading practices apnane se aap consistent profits kama sakte hain aur long-term success achieve kar sakte hain. Education, well-defined trading plan, technical aur fundamental analysis, risk management, emotional control, continuous learning, aur balanced lifestyle good trading ki key aspects hain. In principles ko follow karke aap forex trading mein achha paisa kama sakte hain aur apna trading career successfully build kar sakte hain.







                ​​​​​​​
                • #9 Collapse

                  Good tarding good money?
                  Click image for larger version

Name:	download (34).jpeg
Views:	17
Size:	18.8 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12980235
                  **Tijarat Se Achi Kamaai**
                  **Tijarat aur Daulat Ki Ahmiyat**

                  Tijarat se achi kamaai hasil karna har shakhs ka khwab hota hai. Tijarat aur daulat dono hi insan ki zindagi ko behtar banane mein ahmiyat rakhte hain. Sahi tijarat aur maali planning ke zariye, log apne maali maqasid ko hasil kar sakte hain.

                  **Sahi Tijarat Ki Kya Khususiyat Hain?**

                  1. **Tajurba:** Sahi tijarat ke liye tajurba aur ilm zaroori hain. Aapko apne kaam mein maharat aur experience hona chahiye taki aap sahi faislay aur strategies bana sakein.

                  2. **Risk Aur Rewards:** Tijarat mein risk lene aur rewards hasil karne ka tareeqa hai. Sahi tijarat mein, aapko risk ko samajh kar manage karna aana chahiye aur opportunities ko maximize karna aana chahiye.

                  3. **Taqatwar Rishwat:** Sahi tijarat ke liye, aapko apni rishwat ko sahi se istemal karna aana chahiye. Yeh aapko behtar opportunities aur taraqqi mein madad karta hai.

                  **Achi Kamaai Ke Liye Kya Zaroori Hai?**

                  1. **Planning:** Achi kamaai ke liye sahi planning zaroori hai. Aapko apne maali maqasid ko tay karna aur unhe hasil karne ke liye kadam uthane chahiye.

                  2. **Diligence:** Mehnat aur lagan ke baghair achi kamaai mushkil hai. Aapko apne kaam mein lagan aur dedication dikhani hogi taki aap apne maqasid tak pahunchein.

                  3. **Learning:** Har din naye cheezon se seekhna zaroori hai. Tijarat mein kamiyabi ke liye, aapko market trends aur latest techniques ko samajhna zaroori hai.

                  **Ikhtitami Alfaz**

                  Tijarat se achi kamaai hasil karna mushkil ho sakta hai lekin sahi tajurba, maali planning, aur mehnat ke zariye ye mumkin hai. Sahi tijarat aur maali management ke saath, log apne maali maqasid ko asani se hasil kar sakte hain aur apni zindagi ko behtar bana sakte hain.
                  • <a href="https://www.instaforex.org/ru/?x=ruforum">InstaForex</a>
                  • #10 Collapse

                    good tarding good money?
                    Click image for larger version

Name:	images (2).png
Views:	14
Size:	6.9 کلوبائٹ
ID:	12980245
                    **Achi Trading, Achi Kamai: Tijarat Mein Kamyabi Ke Raaz**
                    **1. Mutaalba:**
                    Tijarat mein kamyabi hasil karne ke liye achi trading kaafi zaroori hai. Achi trading ke zariye traders acha munafa kamate hain aur apne maqasid ko hasil karte hain.

                    **2. Achi Trading Ka Kya Matlab Hai:**
                    Achi trading ka matlab hai ke traders market ko samajhte hain, sahi waqt par faisle lete hain, aur apne risk aur reward ko samajh kar trading karte hain. Iske zariye wo consistent aur sustainable kamai kamate hain.

                    **3. Trading Mein Kamyabi Ke Tariqay:**
                    Trading mein kamyabi ke liye traders ko discipline, patience, aur research ka istemal karna chahiye. Iske alawa, risk management ka bhi khaas khayal rakhna zaroori hai.

                    **4. Achi Trading Ke Fawaid:**
                    Achi trading karne ke fawaid mein maqbool munafa, financial independence, aur stress-free zindagi shamil hain. Ye traders ko market mein mazid tarraqi hasil karne ka imkan deta hai.

                    **5. Achi Trading Ka Istemal Kaise Karein:**
                    Achi trading ka istemal karne ke liye traders ko market trends ko samajhna, technical aur fundamental analysis ka istemal karna, aur apne trading plan ko follow karna chahiye.

                    **6. Achi Trading Ke Nuksanat:**
                    Achi trading ke nuksanat mein ghaflat, jaldi-baazi, aur overtrading shamil hain. Ye sab aksar traders ki performance ko nuksan pohchate hain.

                    **7. Achi Trading Ka Misal:**
                    Maan lijiye, ek trader ne achi trading ka manhaj apnaya aur apne research aur analysis ke mutabiq EUR/USD pair par sahi waqt par khareed-o-farokht kiya. Is tarah usne consistent aur sustaianble munafa kamaya.

                    **8. Ikhtitami Guftagu:**
                    Achi trading aik mahatvapurna tijarati salahiyat hai jo traders ko kamyabi ki raah mein madadgar sabit ho sakti hai. Lekin, iske liye discipline aur istiqamat ki zarurat hoti hai. Achi trading ke zariye, traders acha munafa kamate hain aur apne tijarati maqasid ko pura karte hain.

                    اب آن لائن

                    Working...
                    X