gdp & forex

What is GDP

Introduction

GDP, yaani Gross Domestic Product, ek mulk mein mojood tamam mal-o-daulat ka aik aham measurement hai. Ye mal-o-daulat include karti hai jo mulk ke andar tijarat, industries, agriculture aur services sector mein paida hoti hai. GDP ke zariye hum mulk ki economic health ka andaza laga sakte hain. Ye ek comprehensive measure hai jo mulk ki tamam economic activities ko shamil karta hai.



GDP Ka Tareqa




GDP ko teen tareeqon se measure kiya jata hai: production approach, income approach, aur expenditure approach. Production approach mein, sab se pehle calculate kiya jata hai ke mulk mein kitni goods aur services produce ki gayi hain. Income approach mein, mulk mein sab logon ki kamai ko shumar karte hain. Expenditure approach mein, mulk mein kis tarah ke kharche hote hain wo dekha jata hai.
GDP ke alag-alag tareeqon se measurement se mulk ki economic performance ka andaza hota hai. Ye number economists, policymakers, aur general public ke liye ek important indicator hai. Agar GDP mein izafah ho raha hai, to ye ishara hota hai ke mulk ki economy grow kar rahi hai. Wahi agar GDP mein girawat hoti hai, to ye economic slowdown ka sign ho sakta hai.


GDP Ko Express krne Ka Tareqa


GDP ko do tareeqon se express kiya jata hai: nominal GDP aur real GDP. Nominal GDP wo hoti hai jo current prices par measure ki jati hai, jabke real GDP constant prices par measure ki jati hai, taake inflation ya deflation ke asar ko adjust kiya ja sake.
Ek mulk ki GDP uski prosperity aur development ko measure karta hai. Ye ek tool hai jisse hum dekhte hain ke kis had tak ek mulk apni resources ko effectively utilize kar rahi hai. GDP ke fluctuations, economic policies aur external factors par asar daal sakte hain.


GNP


GDP ke alawa bhi kuch variations hain jaise GNP (Gross National Product) jo mulk mein mojood residents ki kamai ko shamil karta hai, ya GNI (Gross National Income) jo mulk ke andar aur bahar se aane wale paisay ko include karta hai.
Overall, GDP ek crucial economic indicator hai jo mulk ki economic health aur growth ko quantify karta hai. Iske through hum samajh sakte hain ke ek mulk economically kis had tak strong hai aur kis direction mein ja raha hai.

Assalamu Alaikum Dosto!

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

"Gross Domestic Product (GDP)" aik mulk ki iqtisadi growth ka aham pehlu hai, jo aam tor par aik saal ya aik maah jaisay kisi khaas dor mein us ke sarhado mein tamaam aakhir mein cheezon aur khidmaat ki maliat ko numaya karti hai. GDP donon market aur non-market production ko shaamil karta hai, jaise ke sarkari khidmaat aur difa. Is ko maloom karne ke liye samaan aur khidmaat par kharch, (istehqaq, sarmayadarana, sarkari kharch aur net exports), production se aamdani (mulaazmeen ka muaavza, karkhane ke faide aur kiraye ki aamdani), aur paidaish mein naye asaasi asbaab mein nivesh ki qeemat shamil ki jati hai.
GDP mulk ki iqtisadi sehat aur taraqqi ka aik ahem nishan hai. Jab GDP barh raha hota hai, to aam tor par yeh dikhata hai ke iqtisadiyat behtareen tor par kaam kar rahi hai, aur kaarigar aur karobari afraad behtar hain. Magar, GDP seedha tor par kisi mulk ki overall zindagi ya behtari ko naap nahi leta, kyun ke yeh mojooda dor mein mohlik damage, farigh waqt, ya income distribution jaise factors ka hisaab nahi karta.
GDP teen tareeqon se maloom kiya ja sakta hai: istehqaq, production, ya aamdaniyon ka istemal karte hue. Haqiqi GDP, jo ke tanqeedi taur par tabdeel kia jata hai, doran ke iqtisadi taraqqi ko mawazna karne ke liye zyada mufeed hai, jabke nominal GDP, jo ke tanqeedi taur par tabdeel nahi kiya jata hai, mulkon ke darmiyan iqtisadiyat ka maapdand karne ke liye zyada mufeed hai. GDP per capita, jo ke population se taqseem kiya gaya GDP hai, mulk mein aam faraqt aur zindagi ke aam martaba ka moapadand hai.
GDP policymaker, investors, aur karobarion ke liye ek wasee istemal hone wala zariya hai strategic faislon ko banane ke liye. Magar is ke kuch hadood hain, jaise ke informal iqtisadi faa'liyat, ghair dakhli lehaz se ho rahi transactions, ya farigh waqt ki qeemat. In hadood ke bawajood, GDP mulk ki iqtisadi performance ka aham pehlu rehta hai.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ko kayi tareeqon se maloom kia jata hai, lekin sab se aam tareeqa infaaq method hai, jo sarfeen (C), karobar (I), hukoomat (G), aur net exports (X-M) ki kul kharch ko jama karta hai:

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

Ek aur tareeqa income approach hai, jo GDP ko maal o khidmat ki paidaish se paish ati tamam aamdani ke tor par, sath hi gair direct karobari tax, depreciation, aur net foreign factor income ko shamil karta hai:

GDP = Qaumi Aamdani + Nahi Direkt Karobari Taxes + Depreciation + Net Foreign Factor Income

GDP ko production approach se bhi maloom kia ja sakta hai, jo mulk ke andar paida kiye gaye maal o khidmat ki qeemat ko naapta hai. GDP ko nominal terms (mojooda market ke qeemat) ya haqeeqi terms (mahangai ke lehaz se tabdeel shuda) mein maloom kia ja sakta hai. Haqeeqi GDP lambi arzi iqtisadi karname ki behtar pehchan hai kyun ke yeh aam qeemat ke tabdeel mein tabdeelat ko shamil karta hai.
GDP per capita, jo ke population se taqseem kiya gaya GDP hai, mulk mein aam faraqt aur zindagi ke aam martaba ka pehchan hai. GDP policy maker, investors, aur karobariyon ke liye aham zariya hai taake mulk ki iqtisadi sehat aur taraqqi ko dekha ja sake. Magar is ke kuch hadood hain, jaise ke informal iqtisadi faa'liyat, ghair dakhli lehaz se ho rahi transactions, ya farigh waqt ki qeemat. In hadood ke bawajood, GDP mulk ki iqtisadi performance ka aham pehlu rehta hai.

Government Rule & Task in GDP

Government khareed o farokht, gross domestic product (GDP) ka ek hissa, federal, state, aur local hukoomaton dwara maal aur khidmaton par kharch ki gayi raqam ko darust karta hai, jo ke transfer payments aur qarz ke sood ko chhod deta hai. Ye khareed o farokht ek mulk ki GDP tay karnay ka aik ahem pehloo hain. Ye infrastructure, civil service salaries, aur office software aur equipment ka khareed shamil karte hain. Hukoomati khareed o farokht Keynesian ma'ashi nazriyat mein sehatmand ma'ashi nizaam ka aham hissa hain, kyun ke ye darkhwast ko barha saktay hain aur ek kamzor ma'ashi nizaam ko durust kar saktay hain.
Hukoomati khareed o farokht GDP ke chaar aham ajzaon mein se ek hain, jo ke istemal, sarmaya, aur net exports ko bhi shaamil karte hain. GDP ko hisaab lagane ka formula GDP = C + I + G + NX hai, jahan C istemal hai, I sarmaya hai, G hukoomati khareed o farokht hai, aur NX net exports hai. Hukoomati khareed o farokht haqiqi tor par pichlay dher saalon mein barh gaye hain, lekin overall nominal GDP ke hissah mein, ye gir rahay hain.
Hukoomati khareed o farokht Keynesian ma'ashi nazriyat mein sehatmand ma'ashi nizaam ka aik ahem hissa samjha jata hai. Is nazriyat ke mutabiq, hukoomati kharch do tareeqon se darkhwast ko barha saktay hain: pehli baat, hukoomat seedha samaan kharid kar darkhwast ko barhaati hai, aur dosri baat, ye rupaiye mazdooron aur farokht karne walon ke jeb mein dal kar, jo phir ise maal aur khidmaton par kharch karte hain. Isay multiplier effect ke tor par jana jata hai.
Hukoomati khareed o farokht infrastructure projects par kharch, civil service aur public service mulazimon ko ada karne par, office software aur equipment ka khareed, aur public buildings ka hifazat karna shamil hota hai. Transfer payments, jo khareed o farokht ko shamil nahi karte, is shumaar mein shaamil nahi kiye jate hain. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) ne 2020 mein federal hukoomat ke kharch mein izafa ko Paycheck Protection Program loan applications ke idaryati khidmaton ko barhane ke liye intermediate services ke khareed main shamil kiya. 2020 mein, BEA ne federal hukoomat ke kharch mein izafa kiya gaya, jabke state aur local hukoomat ke kharch gir gaye.
Ikhtisar mein, hukoomati khareed o farokht GDP mein ahem kirdar ada karte hain kyun ke ye federal, state, aur local hukoomaton dwara maal aur khidmaton par kharch ki gayi raqam ko darust karte hain. Ye ek mulk ki GDP tay karnay ka aik ahem factor hain aur Keynesian ma'ashi nazriyat mein sehatmand ma'ashi nizaam ka aham hissa samjha jata hai.

Components of GDP

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) moa'sharay ki tafseelat mein ek bunyadi ahem kirdaar ada karta hai, ek mulk ki ma'ashi faraiz ka behtareen jayeza faraham karte hue. Is mushtarqa taqreeb mein, hum GDP ke ajza, hisaab lagane ke tareeqe, ahmiyat, aur hadood ke bare mein gehraai se ghor karte hain, jo ke ma'ashi tajziya aur siyasi faislay mein is ka kirdar wazeh karte hain.

• GDP ke Components:
  GDP ke ajza mulk ke andar ma'ashi faaliyat ke mukhtalif pehlu ko gherayi mein laate hain. Kharch (C) gharo ke sarf mein shamil hai jo rozana ke zindagi ke liye zaroori saman aur khidmaton par kharch karte hain, ghiza se le kar sehat ki saholat tak. Sarmaya (I) karobari asaasat ke sarmaya ko shamil karta hai, jaise ke machinery, infrastructure, aur tajribati taraqqi ke liye paisa kharch karna, productivity aur innovation ko barhawa dene ke liye. Hukoomat ke kharch (G) sarkari idaray ki kharch ko shamil karta hai, jis mein infrastructure ka taraqqi, taleem, sehat, aur difa shaamil hain. Net exports (NX) ek mulk ki ijarad aur ijarad ke farq ko darust karte hain, jo ke is ki tijarati hamahangi aur bahri ma'ashi taluqat ko darust karte hain.
• Calculation Method:
  GDP ko kai tareeqon se hisaab lagaya ja sakta hai, har ek mukhtalif ma'ashi faaliyat ko mukhtalif manazir faraham karte hue. Kharch approach puri kharchat par ginaish karta hai jo ke kharch, sarmaya, hukoomat ke kharchat, aur net exports ko shamil karke GDP hasil karta hai. Ma'ashi daleelon ko mila kar aamadon ko tarteeb dene wala tareeqa, mukhtalif hisson mein aamadon ko tarteeb deta hai, jaise ke mazdoori, munafa, kiraye, aur indirect taxes, sath hi sath pechida income aur net foreign income ke liye tarmim bhi shamil hota hai. Tajarbaat dene wala tareeqa mulk ke hadood mein utpaad ki qeemat ko meyyar deta hai, ma'ashi khasiat ko numaya karte hue.
• GDP ke Types:
  GDP naqdi ya haqiqi shakal mein bayan kiya ja sakta hai, is par mabni hai ke inflation ke asrat shaamil hain ke nahi. Naqdi GDP mojooda market ke qeemat aur kharchat ko darust karta hai, bina inflational asraat ke ma'ashi faaliyat ka ek khaka faraham karte hue. Haqiqi GDP, doosri taraf, waqt ke sath aam qeemat ke tabadla ko darust karta hai, ma'ashi taraqqi aur productivity ka zyada durust andaza faraham karta hai. Haqiqi GDP siyasi karandaz aur muasirin ke liye aik ahem zariya hai, jo ke mukhtalif doron aur ilaqon mein ma'ashi taraqqi ka mawaazan karte hue sahayat faraham karta hai.
• GDP per Capita:
  GDP per capita ek mulk ki aam productivity aur zindagi ke aadaab ko tay karta hai. Aamadon ki kul miqdaar ko abadi ke barabar se taqseem karne se, GDP per capita mulk ki ma'ashi sehat aur wasool kardari ki tasveer faraham karta hai. Zyada GDP per capita shumaray aksar behtar zindagi ke aadab ke sath milte hain, zyada ma'ashi kifayat ke silsile aur sarmaya ka mohtava faraham karte hain, aur shehriyon ke liye behtar ma'ashi imkano ko numaya karte hain.
• Significance of GDP:
  GDP ek mulk ki ma'ashi sehat aur taaqat ka aham nisab hai, jo ke siyasat danon, sarmaya danon, aur karobar ke liye naye ma'ashi haalaat aur mustaqbil ke ma'ashi imkanat faraham karta hai. Barhtay huye GDP aam tor par ma'ashi taraqqi, zyada rozgar ki imkano, aur shehriyon ke liye barhate hue aadab ki alamat hoti hai. Ulta, ek theherne ya girte hue GDP ma'ashi rukawat, mandi ke dabaon, aur shakhsiyat aur karobar ke liye mumkinayat ki taraf ishara kar sakta hai.
• GDP ke Limitations:
  Is ke mukhtalif tareeqon par hisaab lagane ke bawajood, GDP ke kuch fitri hadood hain jo ke ma'ashi tajziya mein ghoor ke liye qabil-e-ghaur hai. Ek numaya hadood is ki naqdi ma'ashi faaliyat ko samajhne ki taqat mein kami hai, jaise ke informal ma'ashi faaliyat, zyada se zyada, table transactions, aur ghair dakhil ho rahi aamdani, jo ke mukhtalif ma'ashi karkardagi par asar daal sakti hai. Is ke ilawa, GDP ghair-market faaliyat ko shumar nahi karta, jaise ke ghar ke kam, doosri madad, aur farigh waqt, jisse ma'ashi intizaam ki taaqat nahi hai. Is ke ilawa, GDP mohlik fiza aur sadahat ki kami ko nazarandaz kar sakta hai, ma'ashi taraqqi aur taraqqi ke asal lagat ko samajhna.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ma'ashi tajziya ka ek bunyadi markaz hai, ek mulk ki ma'ashi pedaish aur taaqat ka ek intehai mukammal hisaab faraham karta hai. Mukhtalif ma'ashi faaliyat ke mukhtalif ajza ko gherate hue aur mukhtalif hisaab lagane ke tareeqon ka istemal karke, GDP waqt ke mutabiq ma'ashi halaat, taraqqi ke trends, aur aadab ki tasweer faraham karta hai. Lekin, GDP ke hadood ko pehchanna aur is ki tafseelati tajziya ko maqami numaindon aur alamaat ke sath mukammal karna zaroori hai ta ke ma'ashi taraqqi aur samaji bhalai ki behtareen samajh hasil ki ja sake.

GDP par Asar-Andaz Hone Wale Awamel

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ek mulk ki ma'ashi sehat aur taraqqi ka aham pehloo hai. GDP ki taraqqi ko mukhtalif factors asar daaltay hain, jo mulk ki ma'ashi halat se mutalliq mukhtalif hotay hain, kuch mulki aur kuch qudrati hain.

• Internal Factors:
  • Consumption: Ashiya aur khidmaton par ghar walon ki kharch sab se bara hissa hai, jo ke buhat se taraqqi pazeer mulkoon mein kul GDP ka adha se zyada hissa hai. Consumer confidence, income levels, aur rozgar dar sab istemal par asar daaltay hain.
  • Investment: Karobari sarmaya kar capital goods, jese machinery aur imaratay, ma'ashi taraqqi ko barhakar productivity aur capacity ko barhati hai.
  • Government purchases: Hukoomat ke goods aur khidmaton par kharch, jese infrastructure aur defense, ma'ashi taraqqi ko barhati hai.
  • Net exports: Export aur import ke darmiyan farq GDP ki taraqqi par asar daalti hai. Ek trade surplus (exports imports se zyada hain) GDP ki taraqqi mein mufeed hota hai, jabke trade deficit (imports exports se zyada hain) ka ulta asar hota hai.
  • Human capital: Mazdoor force ki quality aur quantity, shamil hai education, skills, aur sehat, ma'ashi taraqqi par asar daalti hai.
  • Technology: Technology mein izafay se productivity aur efficiency barh sakti hai, jo ma'ashi taraqqi ko barhati hai.
  • Business Cycle: Ma'ashi daur alag alag marahil se guzarta hai, including expansion, peak, contraction, aur trough. GDP ki taraqqi expansion stage mein sab se zyada mazboot hoti hai.
• External Factors:
  • International Trade: Aalami trade ke patterns aur agreements GDP ki taraqqi par asar daal saktay hain.
  • Qudrati Aafat: Qudrati aafat, jese hurricanes aur earthquakes, ma'ashi sargarmiyon ko mutasir kar sakti hain aur GDP mein short-term giravat ko paida kar sakti hain.
  • Aalami Ma'ashi Halat: Digar mulkon mein ma'ashi halat trade aur investment flows par asar daal sakti hain, jo GDP ki taraqqi ko mutasir karte hain.
  • Political Istability: Political mustaqilat aur aman ma'ashi taraqqi ke liye munasib hain, jabke siyasi be-amanat aur conflict taraqqi ko rok saktay hain.
  • Environmental Factors: Environmental factors, jese climate change aur pollution, productivity, sehat, aur qudrati asasat ko mutasir kar saktay hain aur ma'ashi taraqqi par asar daal saktay hain.
• Other Considerations:
  • Population growth: Abaadi ki taraqqi mazdoor force, istemal, aur sarmaya kari mein tabdeeli ki wajah se GDP ki taraqqi par asar daal sakti hai.
  • Aggregate supply: Ek mulk ki ma'ashi capacity, jo aggregate supply ke tor par jani jati hai, GDP ki taraqqi par asar daal sakti hai.
  • [B] [FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR="#800080"] Aggregate demand: Ek mulk mein ashya aur khidmaton ki total talaab, jo aggregate demand ke tor par jani jati hai, GDP ki taraqqi par asar daal sakti hai.
  • Inflation: Mahangaai, ya keemat ko barhne ki dar, GDP ki taraqqi par asar daal sakti hai. Zyada mahangaai asal GDP mein kami ka sabab ban sakti hai, jabke kam mahangaai asal GDP mein izafay ka sabab ban sakti hai.

GDP ki taraqqi aur kami ko asar daalnay wale factors ko samajhna policymakers, karobari afraad, aur investors ke liye ma'ashi fazool faislay karne ke liye zaroori hai.

Assalamu Alaikum Friends!

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) کو رومان اردو میں "کل داخلی پیداوار" یا "مجموعی داخلی پیداوار" کہا جاتا ہے۔

GDP par asar-andaz hone wale awamel kai hote hain, yeh kuch ahem factors hote hain jo GDP par seedha ya ghair-mutawaqqi asar dalte hain:

Consumer Spending (Kharch): Consumer spending ya awaam ki kharch par GDP par seedha asar hota hai. Jab log zyada kharch karte hain, to production aur services ki demand barh jati hai jo GDP ko bhi barhata hai.

Investment (Sarmaya Kari): Sarmaya kari bhi GDP par asar andaz hoti hai. Jab companies aur individuals naye projects mein invest karte hain, to employment aur production mein izafa hota hai jo GDP ko barhata hai.

Government Spending (Hukoomati Kharch): Hukoomati kharch bhi GDP par seedha asar dalta hai. Jab sarkar infrastructure, education, aur healthcare par paisa kharch karti hai, to employment aur economic activity mein izafa hota hai jo GDP ko barhata hai.

Exports aur Imports (Bahir ka maal aur andar ka maal): Exports aur imports bhi GDP par asar andaz karte hain. Agar ek mulk apne products ko zyada bechta hai aur kam maal lekar aata hai, to isse GDP mein izafa hota hai.

Inflation (Mahangai): Mahangai bhi GDP par asar dalta hai. Agar mahangai badhti hai, to logon ki purchasing power kam hoti hai jo consumer spending ko kam kar sakta hai aur GDP par asar dalta hai.

Monetary Policies (Mudaribana Polices): Central bank ki monetary policies bhi GDP par asar andaz karte hain. Interest rates, credit availability, aur money supply ke changes GDP par seedha asar dalte hain.

In factors ka mila jul kar GDP par seedha ya ghair-mutawaqqi asar hota hai, aur inka barhna ya ghatna economic health aur growth ko darust karta hai.