inflation kya hai aur eskay asraat

Inflation Kya hai Aur eskay Asraat

Inflation aur currency pairs ke darmiyan talluqat iqtisadi duniya mein ahem thay aur yeh maashiyat mein ihsaas hone wale tabdiliyon ko asar andaz karte hain. Inflation ko aam taur par 'anflation' ke naam se bhi jana jata hai aur yeh ashiya aur khidmaat ki qeematon ki izafi tanzil ko zahir karta hai. Jabke currency pairs iqtisadi aur siyasi awamil ke tabayun par mabni hota hai jis ke natijay mein ek mulk ki mulkiyat mein paye jane wale paisay ki qadar mukhtalif doosre mulkon ke sath muwazna ki jati hai. Is mukalma mein hum dekhein ge ke inflation ki kya alamat hain aur yeh kis tarah currency pairs ko muthir karti hai. Inflation ki alamat Inflation ki alamat kayi auqat afraad, institutions, aur governments ko mohlik kar sakti hain. Inflation ka sabab taqatwar ya kamzor hone wali mali siyasat, arbaab-e-ribaani ke marakiz, tawanai aur khidmaat ki qeematon mein tabdeeliyan, aur tabiyati chaleesween aamdaani ke tabdeeliyon ke asraat shamil hote hain. Currency pairs pe Impact: Inflation ki tabdeeliyan currency pairs ko muthir kar sakti hain, jo kai tareeqon se bayan ki jati hai. Yahan mein kuch ahem asraat pesh karta hoon: Inflation aur currency pairs ke darmiyan talluqat iqtisadi lehaaz se bohat ahem hain. Inflation ke tabdeeliyan iqtisadi haalaat par asar andaaz hoti hain, jo currency pairs ko muthir karti hain. Tijarati ta'amulaat, mulki iqtisad ki salahiyat, aur faida ya nuqsan ki sharah currency pairs ke asraat mein ahem kirdar ada karte hain. Iqtisadi siyasatdan aur beyn-ul-aqwami maashiyatkaar in asraat ko mad-e-nazar rakhte hue muwazne ke liye durust tadaabeer ikhtiyar karte hain.

Assalamu Alaikum Dosto!

Inflation

Inflation (Mehangai) aaj kal media mein sab se zyada discuss hone wale assets mein se ek hai. Yeh kyun? Kyunki hamari aamdani, humare udhaar par milne wala sood, aur mulk ki financial halat tamam is par mabni hai ke kya maeeshat taraqqi kar rahi hai aur kya Inflation mein izafah ho raha hai. Lekin yeh talluq hamesha wazeh nahi hota, aur sabhi mali malumat ka istemal hamare liye faidaymand nahi hota.
Inflation waqt ke sath sath prices mein izafah aur maal ke paisay ki purchasing power mein kami hai. Inflation ka dar mulk se mulk aur currency se currency mukhtalif hota hai.
Misal ke tor par, dollar ne pichle 10 saalon mein sirf 22.96% kamzor ho kar reh gaya hai. Yani, 2011 mein 1 dollar ab early 2022 mein 1.25 dollar ke barabar hai. Aam taur par, dollar ki mehangai ka dar 2.05% saalana hota hai, lekin yeh har saal alag hota hai. Maslan, 2011 mein mehangai 3.16% thi, aur January 2022 mein yeh 7.5% saalana izafah hua.
Yeh bhi ho sakta hai ke prices kam ho rahe hain, lekin paisay ki purchasing power mein izafah ho raha ho. Is surat mein, hum deflation ke bare mein baat karte hain. Ye woh hai jo Japanese maeeshat ne haal hi mein face kiya hai. Agar hum 2011 se dekhein to Japan ki average annual inflation 0.56% rahi hai, lekin kuch saalon mein negative bhi rahi hai. 2011 mein -0.27% thi aur 2021 mein -0.02%.
Inflation ki zarurat hai maeeshati taraqqi ke liye, lekin tab jab keematien majbuti se barhein aur tezi se nahi. Is tarah, jab log mehangai ko aam taur par ek nuksan samajhte hain, to experts mein ittefaq hai ke maqool price growth maeeshati taraqqi ke liye zaroori hai. Lekin yeh masla ban jata hai jab mehangai ko control se bahar ho jata hai aur tezi se barh jata hai, jaise ke duniya mein ab ho raha hai.

Inflation Types

Mehangai ko alag alag qisamoon mein taqseem kiya ja sakta hai:

• Deflation: Ye basically negative inflation hai, yaani ke prices nahi barh rahe, balki gir rahe hain. Deflation economy ko slow karti hai. Log chezen khareedna band kar dete hain ummid karte hue ke wo sasti ho jayengi, aur companies is wajah se production bhi band kar deti hain.
• Low Inflation: Aisi mehangai jo maeeshat ke liye behtar hai aur jise consumers aur entrepreneurs ke liye aasani se tolerate kiya ja sakta hai.
• Moderate Inflation: 6 se 10% saalana izafah wali mehangai. Ye tab takarar paida kar sakti hai jab prices ne dozakhi raftar se barhne lagti hain aur instability peda hoti hai.
• Hyperinflation: Isme prices hazaron ya phir laakhon percent barh jaate hain, kuch khatarnak halat mein log paisay istemal karna chor dete hain aur barter system mein shift ho jata hai.
  Hyperinflation ke haalat mein 2020 mein Venezuela mein mehangai 2355% thi aur Zimbabwe mein 557.2%. Zimbabwe ke liye, yeh masla chronic hai; 2000 mein labor ka bada nikalna mulk ke financial system ka collapse le kar aaya tha.

Inflation ki Calculation

United States mein, mehangai ka paimaish mukhtalif price indexes, jese ke Consumer Price Index (CPI) aur Producer Price Index (PPI), se ki jati hai. Ye indices ke calculation tareeqay mukhtalif hote hain, jo ke ye batane mein madad karte hain ke kis shobe mein price pressures mojood hain.
Federal Reserve (Fed) United States mein Inflation ke mustaqil izafah ko control karne ka zimmedar hai. Regulator ne taay kiya hai ke 2% saalana mehangai ka dar purchasing power ko zyada kam karne bina price pressure ko maintain karne ka behtareen tareeqa hai.

Inflation k Asabab

Macroeconomics mein demand inflation aur supply inflation mein farq kiya jata hai.

Demand-Pull Mehangai: Jab supply demand ko pura nahi kar sakti. Yeh is waqt hoti hai jab logon ke paas free paisay hote hain lekin companies demand ko pura nahi kar sakti hain, aur is wajah se prices barh jaati hain. Jese ke koi company limited edition gadgets launch kare. Woh gadget popular ho jata hai lekin sab ke liye nahi hota, aur last models higher prices par sold out ho jate hain.

Iska asal sabab hai:

• Mass lending: Jab banks savings se nahi balki unsecured currency se loan dete hain. Is currency ki qeemat gold ya kisi aur qeemti cheez se support nahi hoti, is wajah se isay token money kehte hain. Lekin isay goods khareedne ke liye istemal kiya ja sakta hai, jo ke mehangai ko tezi se barha sakti hai.
• Additional money issuance: Jab government spending barh jata hai, aur commodity turnover ka khayal nahi rakha jata, to ziada paisay issue ho jate hain. Economists ka kehna hai ke paisay ki miqdar maal ki growth ke sath hi barhni chahiye. Agar zyada paisay issue ho rahe hain to residents ko surplus milta hai.
• Supply Inflation: Production costs mein izafah hone se hoti hai. Jab companies ko maal banane aur services provide karne ke liye zyada paisay kharch karne padte hain, to wo apni costs ko customers par daal deti hain.

Iska asar hota hai:

• World market prices mein izafah: Agar koi company imported raw materials ya products istemal karti hai, to uski costs badh jaati hain.
• Kuch companies ka monopoly hawale se prices aur production costs set karne ka haq: Agar unka ek tareeqa monopolistic hai to wo apne products aur services ko zyada mehengi bech sakte hain.
• Wages mein izafah: Agar kisi company ko apne employees ya unki unions ki demand ke chalte wages barhani padti hai aur baqi costs waisi hi rehti hain.
• Taxes, duties, aur excise taxes mein izafah: Agar paisay ki miqdar stable rehti hai to government apne revenue ko barqarar rakhne ke liye in cheezon mein izafah kar sakti hai.

Inflation Control karne k Tricks

Inflation ko control karne ke liye tareeqay seedhe aur gair-seedhe taur par taqseem kiye ja sakte hain. Seedhe tareeqay se mehangai ko control karne wale asal izafah ke zimme se qawi control hota hai. Ye tareeqay mein shamil hain:

• Price aur ujraton ki state regulation
• Foreign economic activity aur exchange rates ki regulation
• Central bank ke zariye direct withdrawal of money supply

Gair-seedhe tareeqay indirect taur par money supply ko regulate karne ke liye available financial instruments ke zariye maddad karte hain. Ismein shaamil hain:

• Central bank ki key rate (credit ki qeemat)
• Commercial banks ki required reserves
• Government debt obligations

Ye tricks mehangai ko kam karne mein madad karti hain, lekin inka dosra asar kuch doosre macroeconomic parameters par bhi pad sakta hai. Economists ne ek "magic quadrilateral" ka concept diya hai jo sustainable economic growth, low inflation, high employment, aur balanced balance of payments ko shamil karta hai. Lekin sab se behtareen values ko achieve karna mushkil hota hai.
Kuch experts ka kehna hai ke government ki policy jo structural economic change ki taraf mabni hai aur jo government se mustaghni market-based infrastructure banati hai, wo inflation ke khilaf larna mein maddad karti hai. Unka kehna hai ke jab tak output grow ho raha hai aur market saturation door hai, tak prices stable rehti hain.

Modern Anti-Inflationary Policy

United States ki tareekh mein interest rates mein barhna aur kam hona ka silsila hai. Iska sab se ahem hissa investors ke liye tab hota hai jab rates ko barhaya jata hai, kyun ke tareekhi tor par rates ko barhaya jata hai jab maeeshat ko sehatmand rakha jana chahta hai. Interest rates barhane ka jawab inflation ka target "normal" level se zyada izafah hony par hota hai.
Interest rates ko barhane se deposit rates mein izafah hota hai aur lending rates mein bhi izafah hota hai. Deposit rates barhne ke chalte aam logon ko aur normal logon ko high-risk assets se safe deposits mein paise shift karne par majboor karta hai, kyunki yeh ab zyada attractive returns dete hain.
Rates barhne ki wajah se banks ko expensive money milta hai (depositors ko zyada compensation dene ke liye), is wajah se credit ka rate bhi barh jata hai. Turn, lending kam ho jati hai, kyunki borrowers ko high interest rates par paise lena mushkil ho jata hai.
Economic cycle ko credit issuance mein kami hone ke zariye decelerate hona padta hai, jo ke maeeshati jaraim ko bhi decelerate kar deta hai.

Investors Ko Interest Rates Se Dar Kyun Lagta Hai

Interest rates barhne ka asar U.S. bond yields par bhi hota hai. Jab deposit rate barh jata hai, investors ko U.S. government debt khareedne ke liye razi karne ke liye government ko bhi zyada rate dena padta hai.
Underlying asset valuation mein, risk-free discount factor 10-year Treasuries ki yield hoti hai. Jab risk-free yields barhte hain, to risky assets mein investment ke liye required return bhi barh jata hai, is wajah se investors inko downvalue karte hain. Ye sabhi stocks ke liye lagu hota hai, lekin sab se zyada fast-growth techs aur biotechs ki companies ke liye hota hai jo abhi tak EBITDA ya FCF earn nahi kar rahi hoti, jisme company ki long-term potential par betting hoti hai.
Abhi market ko high price pe evaluate kiya gaya hai. S&P 500 Index ka forward P/E level 17 ke upar chala gaya hai, jabke aam taur par is figure us level ke neeche rehta hai. Yeh bhi noteworthy hai ke index ne dot-com crisis ke dauran ek martaba 25 tak pohancha tha.

Good & Bad Inflation

Zyadatar economists ittefaq rakhte hain ke thodi mehangai ka dar faydemand hota hai, ye businesses aur individuals ko zyada kharch, zyada invest, ya phir zyada bachat karne par majboor karta hai.
Lekin usi waqt, zyada mehangai ka dar economic agents ki purchasing power mein kami ka bhi asar karta hai, aur is wajah se maeeshati taraqqi mein bhi deceleration hoti hai. Sare milke, jab prices zyada barh jaati hain, to income ka hissa jo bachta hai, woh savings mein jata hai. Investments bhi kam ho jati hain.
Aur bura to ye hai ke final consumers aur companies aksar mehangai ka wait karte hain, jabki maeeshat pehle se hi recover ho chuki hoti hai. Is effect ko hum "inflationary expectation" kehte hain.

High Inflation Ke Doran Invest Kaise Karein

Jab bhi Inflation hote hue bhi moderate hai aur dikhayi deti hai ke kai saal tak aage badh sakti hai, to yeh bahut nuksan deh ho sakta hai. Isliye investors chahte hain ki unke assets kam se kam itna return dein jitna ke mehangai ka izafah ho. Dusre alfaz mein, unka real rate of return positive hona chahiye.
National currency ki devaluation ke khilaf bachne ke liye, yeh recommended hai ke portfolio ka kam se kam 50% hard currencies jese ke dollars, euros, yen, aur Swiss francs mein ho. Is surat mein, jaise bhi currency pair move ho, capital apni purchasing power ko retain karega.
Progressive mehangai ke shor mein, kuch asset types khud ko achhi tarah se show kar sakte hain:

• Physical Assets: Jese ki real estate, automobiles, aur luxury goods. For example, United States mein, used car prices ne ek saal mein 25 percent izafah kiya hai, jo ke overall mehangai ko aur bhi badha raha hai. Koi khaas real estate property mehangai se zyada tezi se appreciate ho sakti hai ya phir dheere dheere badhegi, ye property ke type, location, aur doosre factors par depend karta hai. Rent ya rental fees hamesha mehangai ke proportion mein nahi badhte.
• Variable Coupon Bonds: United States mein inhein TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities) kehte hain. Agar mehangai barhti hai, to is tarah ke bonds ki coupon payments bhi badh jayengi, lekin debt securities ki price girne ki jagah nahi hogi.
• Commodities: Jese ke oil, gas, aluminum, aur wheat. Aap inme commodities aur agricultural companies ke stocks ke zariye invest kar sakte hain.
• Gold: Mehngai ke sath sath gold ki qeemat bhi barh sakti hai aur stock market girne par bhi. Lekin yeh guarantee nahi hai. Ye volatile bhi hota hai aur kisi bhi passive income ko generate nahi karta.
  Gold ki achhi baat yeh hai ke iska stocks aur bonds ke sath weak correlation hota hai, matlab ke ye ek acha diversifier hota hai. Isko investment portfolio mein shaamil karne se aksar portfolio ki volatility kam hoti hai aur risk/reward ratio behtar hota hai.
• Safe-Haven Sectors Ke Companies Ke Shares: Telecoms, utilities, manufacturers, aur basic necessities jese food, hygiene products, aur medicines ke sellers ke companies. In companies ke products ke prices overall mehangai ke sath badh sakte hain.

Lekin utility companies ke sath ishterak karni padti hai: in companies ke paas aksar bade debts hote hain aur unki business margins weak hoti hain. Agar rates badh jaate hain to unki debt service costs bhi badh jaati hain. Financial sector bhi higher rates se faida utha sakta hai, kyun ke jo loans issue hote hain, unki interest rate bhi zyada hoti hai.
Real estate sector ke liye, evidence iski protective nature ki inflation ke against contradictory hai, kam az kam United States mein. NAREIT ka kehna hai ke REIT funds ki dividend growth ne last 20 years mein U.S. ke consumer price growth se zyada rehti hai, jabke Vanguard ne calculate kiya hai ke last 50 years mein REITs ne gold, commodities, aur inflation-linked bonds se kam perform kiya hai.

Inflation Se Khauf Nahi Hona Chahiye

Lag sakta hai ke inflation thode se thode humare savings ko khatak raha hai, lekin agar is par gahraai se jaye to sab kuch itna bura nahi hai.
Inflation bilkul normal hai. Ye hamesha se raha hai aur hamesha rahega. Un countries mein jahan par inflation negative ho jati hai, wahan ki authorities ko iski kami mehsoos hoti hai aur wo isko wapas lana ke liye kai tadabeer karte hain. For example, December 2014 mein, Swiss National Bank (SNB) ne apne deposits par negative interest rate (0.25%) introduce ki thi. Usne apne faislay ko damit kiya ke yeh measure currency ki aur zyada mazbooti se rok lega, sath hi sath Swiss economy mein investment ko barhane ka hosla dega.
Yeh zaroori hai ke 10% ki inflation buri hai, lekin 0% bhi maeeshat ke liye nuksan deh hai. Iska matlab hai ke mulk tarraqqi nahi kar raha. Normal inflation rate 2-4% per year hai.
Aakhir mein, log bhi ekdam se nahi rukte: hum tarraqqi kar rahe hain, tajurbah kar rahe hain, naye technologies create kar rahe hain, aur production cost ko kam kar rahe hain. Tesla ne electric cars ki production start ki hai, aur Mark Zuckerberg apne project "Smart Home" ko develop kar rahe hain. Hum sab kuch kar sakte hain investment risks ko diversify kar ke, additional value create kar ke, aur progress mein apna hissa dal ke.

Inflation Kya hai Aur eskay Asraat

Mukhtasar Tareef:

Inflation ek makhsoos dor mein mawad ki qeemat mein izafah hota hai. Yeh mawad shay yaadad mein hoti hai, jaise ke khano mein, samano mein, ya phir mal o dhan mein. Iska asal asar mawad ki qeemat mein izafah hota hai, jo mulk ya mohalla ke mawadon ke aam istemal ko mutasir karta hai.

Inflation Ki Wajah:

Inflation ki wajahon mein sab se aham hai taleem, sehat, or tajaweezat mein izafah. Jab ek mulk mein taleem, sehat, or tajaweezat ki zarurat mein izafah hota hai, to logon ko ziada paisay kharch karne partay hain. Is se mawadon ki demand barh jati hai, lekin agar mawadon ki paidawar is se kam ho, to qeemat mein izafah hota hai.

Siyasi aur maashrati halaat bhi inflation ko asar andaz hote hain. Agar ek mulk mein siyasi halaat behtar nahi hain, to investors apne paisay wahan nahi lagatay, jiski wajah se mulk mein rozgar mein kami ho sakti hai. Is se bhi mawadon ki demand or supply mein farq peda hota hai, jo ke inflation ko barhne ka sabab banta hai.

Inflation Ke Asraat:

1. Mawadon Ki Qeemat Mein Izafah: Inflation ki sab se wazeh pehchan mawadon ki qeemat mein izafah hai. Yeh logon ke liye mushkilat paida karta hai, khas kar un logon ke liye jo fixed income par rehte hain. Gareeb tabqay ko is se ziada nuksan hota hai.
2. Paisay Ki Qeemat Ka Girna: Inflation ke doran paisay ki qeemat gir jati hai, jise "currency devaluation" bhi kehte hain. Is se mulk ki maliyat kamzor hoti hai, or mulk ke bahar paisay kamzor ho jate hain.
3. Savings Ki Girawat: Log jo apni bachat karte hain, unki savings bhi inflation ke asar se mutasir hoti hai. Unki paisay ki purchasing power kam ho jati hai, jiski wajah se unki savings ki qeemat mein izafah nahi hota.
4. Rozgar Mein Kami: Inflation se mulk ki maliyat kamzor hoti hai, jiski wajah se rozgar mein kami peda ho sakti hai. Companies apne expenses kam karne ke liye employees ko kam paisay dena shuru kar deti hain, jise unemployment barh jata hai.
5. Maliyat Mein Izaafah: Inflation ke doran maliyat mein bhi izafah hota hai. Interest rates barhne ka khatra hota hai, jo ke loans or investments par asar andaz hota hai. Is se businesses ko apne projects ko chalane mein mushkilat hoti hai.
6. Investment Mein Kamzori: Inflation se investors ko bhi asar hota hai. Woh apne paisay ko secure rakhne ke liye risky investments se bachte hain, jo ke economic growth ko rok sakti hai.

Inflation Ka Hal:

1. Monetary Policy: Central bank apni monetary policy ke zariye inflation ko control karne ki koshish karta hai. Interest rates ko regulate kar ke, woh mawadon ki demand or supply ko control karna chahti hai.
2. Fiscal Policy: Government apni fiscal policy ke zariye bhi inflation ko control karne ki koshish karte hain. Woh tax rates or government spending ko adjust kar ke economic stability ko maintain karne ki koshish karte hain.
3. Price Controls: Kuch governments mawadon ki qeematon par control lagane ki koshish karte hain. Yeh direct price controls include karte hain, jise ke essential items ki qeematon ko regulate kiya jata hai.
4. Economic Reforms: Long-term solution ke liye economic reforms bhi zaroori hote hain. Education, health, or infrastructure mein izafah kar ke, mulk ko strong banaya ja sakta hai, jisse ke inflation control mein madad mile.

Conclusion:

Inflation ek complex economic phenomenon hai jo mawadon ki qeematon mein izafah ko describe karta hai. Iska asar har ek shakhs par hota hai, lekin gareeb tabqay ko ziada nuksan hota hai. Government or central bank ko chahiye ke woh apne policies ke zariye inflation ko control mein rakhein taki mulk ki economic stability banaye rahe.

Inflation Kya hai Aur eskay Asraat

Mehngai aur Uske Asarat:

Inflation, ya mehngai, ek aesi maasharti bimaari hai jo mulk ki arthik halaat mein izafah paida karti hai. Yeh tab hoti hai jab mal-o-daulat ki mohtaaji mein izafah hota hai aur rupiya ki qeemat mein girawat aati hai. Mehngai ka asal sabab hote hain sarkari idaron ki behtareen nigrani na hona, siyasi instability, aur tijarat mein kami. Yeh masla aam taur par gareeb tabqay par sab se zyada asar andaaz hota hai, kyun ke unke liye asaani se zarooriyaat haasil karna mushkil ho jata hai.

Mehngai ke Asarat:

1. Paisay ki Qeemat Mein Izafah: Mehngai ke asal asarat mein se ek hai paisay ki qeemat mein izafah. Jab rupiya ki qeemat girne lagti hai, logon ko har cheez mehngi lagti hai. Is se asaani se haasil honay wale cheezein, jaise ke khana aur kapray, gareeb tabqay ke logon ke liye mumkin nahi rehti.
2. Mazdoori Mein Izafah: Mehngai ka asar sab se pehle mazdoor tabqay par hota hai. Agar mazdoori mein izafah nahi hota, toh mazdoor apni zarooriyaat poori nahi kar sakta, aur is se ghar ke mahaul mein bechaini paida hoti hai.
3. Karobar mein Kami: Mehngai ke doran, tijarat mein kami bhi hoti hai. Log apni purchasing power kho dete hain, jis se karobar mandi hoti hai. Is se tijaratmand aur sanatkar bhi nuksan uthate hain, aur yeh masail mulk ki arthik halaat ko aur bhi kamzor bana dete hain.
4. Sood (Interest) Mein Izafah: Mehngai ke doran, aksar sarkarain apni zindagi ko bachane ke liye sood ko izafah deti hain. Sood mein izafah bhi paisay ko mehngai ka shikaar banata hai aur logon ko aur mushkilat ka samna karna parta hai.
5. Siyasi Instability: Agar kisi mulk mein siyasi instability ho, toh yeh bhi mehngai ko barhane ka sabab ban sakta hai. Siyasi bechaini ki wajah se foreign investment kam hoti hai aur mulk ki maishat mein izafah hota hai.
6. Zaroorat-o-Ihtiyaajat Mein Izafah: Mehngai ke doran log apni zaroorat-o-ihtiyaajat ko poori karne mein mushkilat ka samna karte hain. Gareeb tabqay ke logon ke liye rozi-roti, ilaaj, aur taleem hasil karna aur bhi mushkil ho jata hai.
7. Gharelo Budget Mein Tangi: Mehngai se logon ka gharelo budget bhi tang hota hai. Log kam maaliyat mein rehte hain aur apni zarooriyaat ko poori karne mein asaani se na kaarigar rehta hai.

Mehngai Ka Hal:

Mehngai ko kam karne ke liye sarkarain apne policies mein tabdiliyan la sakti hain. Yeh shamil ho sakti hain:

1. Monetary Policy: Central Bank apni monetary policy ke zariye paisay ki supply ko control karke mehngai ko kam karne ki koshish karti hai.
2. Fiscal Policy: Sarkar apni fiscal policy ke zariye taxes aur kharchon ko control karke mehngai ko kam kar sakti hai.
3. Foreign Exchange Management: Agar mulk apne foreign exchange ko behtar taur par manage kare, toh woh mehngai ko kam karne mein madadgar ho sakta hai.
4. Sood (Interest) Control: Sood ko kam karke ya bilkul khatam karke bhi mehngai ko control kiya ja sakta hai.
5. Tijarat Mein Behtari: Tijarat ko barhane ke liye sarkarain asaan aur transparent tijarat policies qaim kar sakti hain.
6. Siyasi Stability: Siyasi stability ko barqarar rakhna bhi mehngai ko kam karne mein madad karta hai.
7. Education and Skill Development: Logon ko behtar taleem aur hunar hasil karne ka mauqa dena bhi mehngai ko kam karne mein madad karega.

In taqazon ke mutabiq, mehngai ek complex masla hai jise hal karne ke liye mulk ki tamam tabqay ko mil kar kaam karna hoga. Iske ilawa, awaam ko bhi mehngai ke asarat aur unke apne zimmedariyon ke baare mein jagrook hona chahiye.

INFLATION KYA HAI AUR ESKA ASRAAT DEFINITION

Inflation prices Mein rise hai jisse time ke sath power purchasing mein decline ke Taur per translate Kiya Ja sakta hai vah rate jismein power purchasing Mein decline Aati Hai Iske reflected some. period Of time ke dauran selected good and services ki ek basket ki average price mein ho sakti hai price main rise, jisse Aksar percentage ke Taur per Expressed Kiya jata hai ka means Hai Ke currency ki unit effectively se isase prior. period ke mukabale less buy hai inflation ko inflation se contrast Kiya Ja sakta hai jo is time Hota Hai Jab price decline hai and power purchasing Mein increase Hota Hai Usi Tarah worker Apne standard living ko maintain rakhne ke liye More cost ya wages ka demand kar sakte hain inke increased wages ke result mein good and services ki price ka yah spiral continue rahata hai Kyunki Ek factor other ko induces karta hai and Iske versa built in inflation related adaptive expectation ya is idea se hai ke current People inflation ki rate future Mein continue Rahane ki expect rakhte Hain Jaise Jaise good and services ki prices main Rises hota hai People future Mein Usi rate se continuous rice ki expect kar sakte hain





THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI)

CPI ka calculated goods ki predetermined basket Mein each item ki price mein change Lekar and puri basket mein unke relative weight ki based per Unka averaging laga kar Lagaya Jata Hai consideration each item ki retail prices hai Jaisa ke individual citizen Ki Jaaneb se purchase ke liye available hai CPI 1 Aisa measure hai Jo Goods and services ki basket ki prices ke weighted average ka examine karta hai Jo ke consumer ki primary needs Hai ine Mein transportation, food and medical care include hai





THE FORMULA FOR MEASURING INFLATION

price ke ishariya Jaat ki Muzkura bala different haltu Ko Two particular month ya (year )ke between inflation ki value ka calculate Lagane ke liye use Kiya jata hai Agar various financial portal and websites per already lot of ready made inflation calculator available hai but calculate ki clear understanding ke sath currency accuracy ko insure banane ke liye underlying methodology say aware Rehna always better hai