Defination
Firm ke asasa ki bunyaad ko badhaane aur rissk capital par munafe peda karne ke liye sarmaya kaari karte hue qarzay liye gaye sarmaye ko bator fndng zareya istemaal karkay faida haasil karna mumkin hai. raqam udhaar le kar sarmaya kaari ki mumkina wapsi mein izafah karen, khaas tor par mukhtalif maliyati alaat ya udhaar shuda sarmaye ke istemaal ke zariye, jo aik tareeqa hai jisay lyorij kaha jata hai .
Lyorij karzzzz ki is raqam ka bhi hawala day sakta hai jisay company naye asason ke husool ke liye maali eaanat ke liye istemaal karti hai
Understanding the Concept of Leverage
Kisi pehal ya mansoobay ki maali eaanat ke liye raqam udhaar dena ya udhaar lena lyorij ka istemaal kehlata hai. aakhri assar yeh hai ke kisi project se mumkina munafe kayi gina barh jata hai. aik hi waqt mein, sarmaya kaari ke mukammal honay mein nakaam honay ki soorat mein faida uthany se manfi nataij ke imkanaat barh jayen ge. jab aik coopration, properly, ya sarmaya kaari ko" intehai " kaha jata hai, to yeh is baat ki nishandahi karta hai ke zair behas cheez par aykoyti se ziyada karzzzz hai
Lyorij aik aisa tasawwur hai jo sarmaya karon aur kaarobar dono ke zareya istemaal kya jata hai. lyorij ka istemaal sarmaya karon ki taraf se di gayi sarmaya kaari se haasil honay wali raqam ko bohat ziyada badhaane ke liye kya jata hai. option contracts, future contracts, aur margin accounts kuch aisay tools hain jinhein woh apni sarmaya kaari se faida uthany ke liye istemaal karte hain. –apne asason ko fund dainay ke liye, companian lyorij ko mulazmat day sakti hain. companian sarmaya badhaane ke liye stak jari karne ke bajaye karobari karwaiyon mein sarmaya kaari ke liye karzzzz ki maali eaanat ka istemaal kar sakti hain, sarmaya badhaane ke liye stak jari karne ki bajaye share holdar ki qader badhaane ki koshish mein .
Woh sarmaya car jo barah e raast lyorij ko mulazmat dainay mein be cheeni mehsoos karte hain woh lyorij haasil karne ke mutadid mutabadil tareeqon ka istemaal kar satke hain. apni ibtidayi sarmaya kaari mein izafah kiye baghair, woh un companiyon mein sarmaya kaari kar satke hain jo apni ibtidayi sarmaya kaari mein izafah kiye baghair apni company ke mamool ke mutabiq maali eaanat ya operation ko badhaane ke liye faida uthaati hain
Special Considerations should be taken into account.
Sarmaya car balance sheet ki tehqeeq ka istemaal karte hue mukhtalif companiyon ki kitabon par karzzzz aur aykoyti ka jaiza le satke hain, aur woh un companiyon mein sarmaya kaari kar satke hain jo apni company ko badhaane ke liye un ke haq mein kaam karne ke liye faida uthaati hain. aykoyti par wapsi ( roe ), karzzzz se aykoyti ( d / e ), aur sarmaya kaari par wapsi ( roce ) ke adad o shumaar sarmaya karon ko yeh bitanay ke liye istemaal kiye jatay hain ke companian apna sarmaya kaisay istemaal karti hain aur is sarmaye ka kitna hissa unhon ne udhaar liya hai .
Yeh yaad rakhna zaroori hai ke beyana mukhtalif shaklon mein aata hai, Bashmole operating, maali, aur mushtarqa lyorij, taakay un adaad o shumaar ka munasib andaza lagaya jasakay .
Bunyadi tajzia mein operating lyorij ki degree ko mad e nazar rakha jata hai. kisi company ke operating lyorij ki degree ka hisaab is ki fi hasas aamdani ( eps ) mein fi hasas ki tabdeeli ko isi muddat ke douran sood aur tax se pehlay is ki aamdani mein feesad ki tabdeeli se taqseem kar ke lagaya ja sakta hai
Margin versus leverage
Jab maliyati mandiyon ki baat aati hai to margin aik munfarid qisam ka faida hota hai jis mein kisi ki mojooda naqdi ya sikyortiz position ko bator zamanat istemaal karna kisi ki qowat khareed mein izafah hota hai. hasas, ikhtiyarat, ya mustaqbil ke muahidon ko kharidne ke liye, aap ko apni sarmaya kaari par bara munafe haasil karne ki umeed mein pehlay se tay shuda sharah sood par brokr se raqam udhaar lena chahiye .
lyorij bananay ke liye margin ka istemaal karte hue, aap $ 10, 000 maliyat ke asason ko haasil karne ke liye darkaar margin able kolitrl ki miqdaar se apni qowat khareed mein izafah kar satke hin- misaal ke tor par, agar $ 10, 000 maliyat ki sikyortiz kharidne ke liye zaroori zamanat $ 1, 000 hai, to aap ke paas 1 : 10 margin hoga. ( aur 10x lyorij )
The Drawbacks of Using Leverage
Lyorij aik kaseer jehti aur paicheeda aala hai jis ke bohat se istemaal hotay hain. faida uthana usooli tor par lajawab lagta hai, aur yeh amli tor par munafe bakhash ho sakta hai, lekin yeh taweel muddat mein nuqsaan da bhi ho sakta hai. beyana faida aur nuqsaan dono ke size ko berhata hai. agar koi sarmaya car maali sarmaya kaari karne ke liye lyorij ka istemaal karta hai aur sarmaya kaari sarmaya car ke khilaaf jati hai, to sarmaya car ka nuqsaan is se kahin ziyada hota hai agar sarmaya car ne lain deen ke liye lyorij ka istemaal nah kya hota .
nateejay ke tor par, pehli baar sarmaya karon ko aam tor par is waqt tak faida uthany se guraiz karna chahiye jab tak ke woh mazeed ilm aur mahaarat haasil nah kar len. agar koi coopration share holdar ki doulat peda karne ke liye lyorij ka istemaal nahi karti hai, to sood ke akhrajaat aur difalt ka crdt rissk share holdar ki qader ko kam kar day ga. karobari shobay mein, aik company hasas yaftgan ki doulat ki taamer ke liye faida utha sakti hai
An Illustration of Leverage
Sarmaya karon ki janib se $ 5 million ki sarmaya kaari ke nateejay mein aik firm ki tashkeel hui, jis ki company mein malkiat $ 5 million ke barabar hai —یہ woh raqam hai jisay company kaam karne ke liye istemaal kar sakti hai. yeh farz karte hue ke company 20 million dollar akhatta karne ke liye karzzzz ki maali eaanat istemaal karti hai, is ke paas karobari karwaiyon mein sarmaya kaari karne ke liye izafi $ 25 million hon ge, jis se usay hasas yaftgan ke liye qader badhaane ke ziyada mawaqay milein ge .
Misaal ke tor par, aik automobile bananay wala aik nai factory bananay ke liye raqam udhaar le sakta hai. nai sahoolat karkhana daar ko apni tayyar kardah gariyon ki tadaad ko badhaane ke sath sath aamdani mein izafah karne ki ijazat day g
Firm ke asasa ki bunyaad ko badhaane aur rissk capital par munafe peda karne ke liye sarmaya kaari karte hue qarzay liye gaye sarmaye ko bator fndng zareya istemaal karkay faida haasil karna mumkin hai. raqam udhaar le kar sarmaya kaari ki mumkina wapsi mein izafah karen, khaas tor par mukhtalif maliyati alaat ya udhaar shuda sarmaye ke istemaal ke zariye, jo aik tareeqa hai jisay lyorij kaha jata hai .
Lyorij karzzzz ki is raqam ka bhi hawala day sakta hai jisay company naye asason ke husool ke liye maali eaanat ke liye istemaal karti hai
Understanding the Concept of Leverage
Kisi pehal ya mansoobay ki maali eaanat ke liye raqam udhaar dena ya udhaar lena lyorij ka istemaal kehlata hai. aakhri assar yeh hai ke kisi project se mumkina munafe kayi gina barh jata hai. aik hi waqt mein, sarmaya kaari ke mukammal honay mein nakaam honay ki soorat mein faida uthany se manfi nataij ke imkanaat barh jayen ge. jab aik coopration, properly, ya sarmaya kaari ko" intehai " kaha jata hai, to yeh is baat ki nishandahi karta hai ke zair behas cheez par aykoyti se ziyada karzzzz hai
Lyorij aik aisa tasawwur hai jo sarmaya karon aur kaarobar dono ke zareya istemaal kya jata hai. lyorij ka istemaal sarmaya karon ki taraf se di gayi sarmaya kaari se haasil honay wali raqam ko bohat ziyada badhaane ke liye kya jata hai. option contracts, future contracts, aur margin accounts kuch aisay tools hain jinhein woh apni sarmaya kaari se faida uthany ke liye istemaal karte hain. –apne asason ko fund dainay ke liye, companian lyorij ko mulazmat day sakti hain. companian sarmaya badhaane ke liye stak jari karne ke bajaye karobari karwaiyon mein sarmaya kaari ke liye karzzzz ki maali eaanat ka istemaal kar sakti hain, sarmaya badhaane ke liye stak jari karne ki bajaye share holdar ki qader badhaane ki koshish mein .
Woh sarmaya car jo barah e raast lyorij ko mulazmat dainay mein be cheeni mehsoos karte hain woh lyorij haasil karne ke mutadid mutabadil tareeqon ka istemaal kar satke hain. apni ibtidayi sarmaya kaari mein izafah kiye baghair, woh un companiyon mein sarmaya kaari kar satke hain jo apni ibtidayi sarmaya kaari mein izafah kiye baghair apni company ke mamool ke mutabiq maali eaanat ya operation ko badhaane ke liye faida uthaati hain
Special Considerations should be taken into account.
Sarmaya car balance sheet ki tehqeeq ka istemaal karte hue mukhtalif companiyon ki kitabon par karzzzz aur aykoyti ka jaiza le satke hain, aur woh un companiyon mein sarmaya kaari kar satke hain jo apni company ko badhaane ke liye un ke haq mein kaam karne ke liye faida uthaati hain. aykoyti par wapsi ( roe ), karzzzz se aykoyti ( d / e ), aur sarmaya kaari par wapsi ( roce ) ke adad o shumaar sarmaya karon ko yeh bitanay ke liye istemaal kiye jatay hain ke companian apna sarmaya kaisay istemaal karti hain aur is sarmaye ka kitna hissa unhon ne udhaar liya hai .
Yeh yaad rakhna zaroori hai ke beyana mukhtalif shaklon mein aata hai, Bashmole operating, maali, aur mushtarqa lyorij, taakay un adaad o shumaar ka munasib andaza lagaya jasakay .
Bunyadi tajzia mein operating lyorij ki degree ko mad e nazar rakha jata hai. kisi company ke operating lyorij ki degree ka hisaab is ki fi hasas aamdani ( eps ) mein fi hasas ki tabdeeli ko isi muddat ke douran sood aur tax se pehlay is ki aamdani mein feesad ki tabdeeli se taqseem kar ke lagaya ja sakta hai
Margin versus leverage
Jab maliyati mandiyon ki baat aati hai to margin aik munfarid qisam ka faida hota hai jis mein kisi ki mojooda naqdi ya sikyortiz position ko bator zamanat istemaal karna kisi ki qowat khareed mein izafah hota hai. hasas, ikhtiyarat, ya mustaqbil ke muahidon ko kharidne ke liye, aap ko apni sarmaya kaari par bara munafe haasil karne ki umeed mein pehlay se tay shuda sharah sood par brokr se raqam udhaar lena chahiye .
lyorij bananay ke liye margin ka istemaal karte hue, aap $ 10, 000 maliyat ke asason ko haasil karne ke liye darkaar margin able kolitrl ki miqdaar se apni qowat khareed mein izafah kar satke hin- misaal ke tor par, agar $ 10, 000 maliyat ki sikyortiz kharidne ke liye zaroori zamanat $ 1, 000 hai, to aap ke paas 1 : 10 margin hoga. ( aur 10x lyorij )
The Drawbacks of Using Leverage
Lyorij aik kaseer jehti aur paicheeda aala hai jis ke bohat se istemaal hotay hain. faida uthana usooli tor par lajawab lagta hai, aur yeh amli tor par munafe bakhash ho sakta hai, lekin yeh taweel muddat mein nuqsaan da bhi ho sakta hai. beyana faida aur nuqsaan dono ke size ko berhata hai. agar koi sarmaya car maali sarmaya kaari karne ke liye lyorij ka istemaal karta hai aur sarmaya kaari sarmaya car ke khilaaf jati hai, to sarmaya car ka nuqsaan is se kahin ziyada hota hai agar sarmaya car ne lain deen ke liye lyorij ka istemaal nah kya hota .
nateejay ke tor par, pehli baar sarmaya karon ko aam tor par is waqt tak faida uthany se guraiz karna chahiye jab tak ke woh mazeed ilm aur mahaarat haasil nah kar len. agar koi coopration share holdar ki doulat peda karne ke liye lyorij ka istemaal nahi karti hai, to sood ke akhrajaat aur difalt ka crdt rissk share holdar ki qader ko kam kar day ga. karobari shobay mein, aik company hasas yaftgan ki doulat ki taamer ke liye faida utha sakti hai
An Illustration of Leverage
Sarmaya karon ki janib se $ 5 million ki sarmaya kaari ke nateejay mein aik firm ki tashkeel hui, jis ki company mein malkiat $ 5 million ke barabar hai —یہ woh raqam hai jisay company kaam karne ke liye istemaal kar sakti hai. yeh farz karte hue ke company 20 million dollar akhatta karne ke liye karzzzz ki maali eaanat istemaal karti hai, is ke paas karobari karwaiyon mein sarmaya kaari karne ke liye izafi $ 25 million hon ge, jis se usay hasas yaftgan ke liye qader badhaane ke ziyada mawaqay milein ge .
Misaal ke tor par, aik automobile bananay wala aik nai factory bananay ke liye raqam udhaar le sakta hai. nai sahoolat karkhana daar ko apni tayyar kardah gariyon ki tadaad ko badhaane ke sath sath aamdani mein izafah karne ki ijazat day g